Table 2. Selected examples of intraguild predation under field conditions among different taxa.

IG predator	IG prey	Extraguild prey	% IGP	Method of detection	Region	Authors
White-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla L.)	Mink (Mustela vison Schreb.)	Fish and birds	<7% (for all mammal species)	Behavioral observation	Finland	[62], [63]
Cougar, wolf	Coyote	Small mammals	43–67%	Radio-tracked animals	Alaska, Idaho	[64]
Lion, spotted hyena	African wild dog		13–50%		South Africa, Tanzania
Red fox	American marten		4%		Ontario
Scorpion Paruroctonus mesaensis	P. luteolus H. arizonensis V. confuses	Insects	8–22% (in some months higher than 40%)	External digestion (direct observation)		[4]
Eagle owl	Tawny owl	Mammals, birds, fish, invertebrates	0.6%	Pellets and prey remains found under nests and roost sites	Italy	[65]
Dingo	Feral catRed fox	NA	1.2–6.1%	Dissection of gut-content	Australia	[66]
Many intertidal herbivores	Many intertidal herbivores	NA	0.37–10%	Dissection of intestinal content	Chile	[67]