Table 2.

Table 2a. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for HIV-1 infection in infants using different algorithms
Test	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)	PPV1	NPV2
IMCI3	0.19 (0.12, 0.29)	0.96 (0.87, 0.98)	0.13	0.67
WHO-PD criteria4	0.43 (0.32, 0.54)	0.88 (0.77, 0.94)	0.54	0.82
CD4 %5	0.72 (0.61, 0.81)	0.39 (0.26, 0.53)	0.42	0.88
IMCI plus CD4%6	0.74 (0.63, 0.82)	0.43 (0.30, 0.56)	0.30	0.83
WHO-PD plus CD4%7	0.84 (0.74, 0.90)	0.41 (0.29, 0.54)	0.32	0.88
Table 2b. Performance of the integrated management of childhood infections (IMCI) criteria for HIV-1 infection in infants by WHO clinical stage
Test	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)	PPV1	NPV2
IMCI
Stage 1 n = 34	0.00 (0.00, 0.24)	1.00 (0.85, 1.00)	0.00	0.75
Stage 2 n = 8	0.00 (0.00, 0.49)	1.00 (0.51, 1.00)	0.00	0.75
Stage 3 n = 30	0.18 (0.07, 0.39)	1.00 (0.67, 1.00)	1.00	0.79
Stage 4 n = 38	0.25 (0.13, 0.42)	0.67 (0.30, 0.90)	0.20	0.73
Table 2c. Performance of the integrated management of childhood infections (IMCI) and WHO presumptive diagnosis of HIV-1 infection (WHO-PD) criteria in infants by age
Test	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)
IMCI
0–5.9 months n = 67	0.20 (0.11, 0.31)	0.94 (0.79, 0.99)
6–11.9 months n = 32	0.26 (0.10, 0.48)	1.00 (0.66, 1.00)
12–18 months n = 21	0.14 (0.02, 0.43)	1.00 (0.59, 1.00)
WHO-PD
0–5.9 months n = 67	0.38 (0.22, 0.56)	0.88 (0.71, 0.96)
6–11.9 months n = 32	0.56 (0.34, 0.77)	0.89 (0.52, 1.00)
12–18 months n = 21	0.36 (0.13, 0.65)	0.71 (0.29, 0.96)

¹Positive predictive value

²Negative predictive value

³Integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI) criteria for HIV-1 infection

⁴WHO presumptive diagnosis of HIV-1 infection

⁵WHO criteria for severe immunosuppression using CD4%

⁶IMCI criteria for HIV-1 infection and/or WHO criteria for severe immunosuppression

⁷WHO presumptive diagnosis of HIV-1 infection and/or WHO criteria for severe immunosuppression

¹Positive predictive value

²Negative predictive value