(A) Subjects studied objects arranged on a grid via a restricted-viewing paradigm that permitted study of one object at a time through a viewing window. (B) Study was controlled via a computer mouse used to move the viewing window in the active condition, and no control was provided in the passive condition (i.e., the viewing window moved and subjects merely watched). The visual information available in both conditions was matched via a subject-to-subject yoking procedure. (C) Endorsement rates are provided for the subsequent recognition memory test, separately for each stimulus type (active-studied, passive-studied, new) and response type (remember location, remember other, know, and new). Error bars indicate SE.