Table 1.

Characteristics of HIV+ pregnant women, comparing drinkers to nondrinkers

	Non-Drinkers (N=980)		Drinkers (N=221)		Total (N=1201)
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Mother's social and economic characteristics
Mean age, (SD)	26.6	(5.5)	26.0	(5.2)	26.5	(5.5)
Marital status:							*
Single	766	78%	179	81%	944	79%
Married	71	7%	5	2%	76	6%
Not married but living together	143	15%	37	17%	180	15%
Highest education level: (N=1199)
No schooling / Grade 1–6 (Primary education)	157	16%	32	15%	189	16%
Grade 7–12 (Secondary education)	777	79%	178	81%	955	80%
Tertiary education	44	5%	11	5%	55	5%
Employed	447	46%	90	41%	537	45%
Uses traditional medicines on a regular basis	169	17%	35	16%	204	17%
Lives in formal housing	580	59%	138	62%	718	60%
Has water on site (N=1200)	594	61%	169	77%	763	64%	***
Has computer, internet phone, car, or landline	172	18%	60	27%	232	19%	**
Location of home							***
Urban area	205	21%	70	32%	275	23%
Peri-urban area	503	51%	130	59%	633	53%
Rural area	272	28%	21	10%	293	24%
Pregnancy history
Mean weeks pregnant at discovery, (SD) (N=1200)	7.9	(5.4)	8.4	(5.9)	8.0	(5.5)
Had any pregnancies prior to this	754	77%	166	75%	920	77%
Planned this pregnancy	204	21%	43	20%	247	21%
Attempted to terminate this pregnancy (N=1199)	39	4%	17	8%	56	5%	*
Mental health
GHQ score (higher=worse, possible range=0–12)
Mean, SD	3.4	(2.5)	4.0	(2.7)	3.5	(2.6)	***
Substance use
Uses tobacco	82	8%	26	12%	108	9%
Used marijuana in past 3 months	7	1%	4	2%	11	1%
Sexual behavior
Had previous treatment for an STI (N=1200)	311	32%	100	45%	411	34%	**
Mean number of sexual partners last year, (SD)	1.1	(0.5)	1.3	(0.6)	1.1	(0.5)	**
Social support
Number of visits with friends and relatives in past month
Mean, SD	3.9	(6.9)	5.6	(8.5)	4.2	(7.3)	***
Attends temple/church	777	79%	161	73%	938	78%	*
Attends community meetings	283	29%	93	42%	376	31%	***
Any conflict at home (N=1200)	71	7%	19	9%	90	8%

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p<.001