Table 3.
Logistic regression results, all HIV+ pregnant women Predictors of any alcohol consumption
| Bivariate analyses | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted odds ratio |
95% confidence interval |
Adjusted odds ratio |
95% Confidence Interval |
|||
| Mother's social and economic characteristics | ||||||
| Age | 0.98 | (0.95, 1.01) | 0.98 | (0.94, 1.01) | ||
| Marital status (omitted=single) | * | * | ||||
| Married | 0.30 | (0.12, 0.76) | * | 0.29 | (0.11, 0.77) | * |
| Not married but living together | 1.11 | (0.75, 1.65) | 1.02 | (0.66, 1.58) | ||
| Highest education level (omitted=none/primary) | ||||||
| Grade 7–12 (Secondary education) | 1.12 | (0.74, 1.70) | 0.91 | (0.57, 1.44) | ||
| Tertiary education | 1.23 | (0.57, 2.63) | 0.75 | (0.32, 1.75) | ||
| Employed | 0.82 | (0.61, 1.10) | 0.76 | (0.54, 1.05) | ||
| Uses traditional medicines on a regular basis | 0.90 | (0.61, 1.34) | 0.83 | (0.54, 1.28) | ||
| Lives in formal housing | 1.15 | (0.85, 1.55) | 0.95 | (0.66, 1.37) | ||
| Has water on site | 2.11 | (1.51, 2.95) | *** | 1.54 | (1.01, 2.35) | * |
| Has computer, internet phone, car, or landline | 1.75 | (1.25, 2.46) | ** | 1.65 | (1.13, 2.42) | * |
| Location of home (omitted=rural) | *** | *** | ||||
| Urban area | 4.42 | (2.63, 7.44) | *** | 3.81 | (2.09, 6.95) | *** |
| Peri-urban area | 3.35 | (2.06, 5.43) | *** | 2.44 | (1.40, 4.25) | ** |
| Pregnancy history | ||||||
| Weeks pregnant at discovery | 1.02 | (0.99, 1.04) | 1.02 | (0.99, 1.05) | ||
| Had any pregnancies prior to this | 0.91 | (0.64, 1.27) | 1.15 | (0.76, 1.75) | ||
| Planned this pregnancy | 0.92 | (0.64, 1.33) | 0.99 | (0.66, 1.49) | ||
| Attempted to terminate this pregnancy | 2.01 | (1.11, 3.62) | * | 1.41 | (0.73, 2.74) | |
| Mental health | ||||||
| GHQ score | 1.10 | (1.04, 1.16) | ** | 1.08 | (1.02, 1.15) | ** |
| Substance use | ||||||
| Uses tobacco | 1.46 | (0.92, 2.33) | 2.35 | (1.35, 4.10) | ** | |
| Used marijuana in past 3 months | 2.56 | (0.74, 8.83) | 1.68 | (0.39, 7.18) | ||
| Sexual behavior | ||||||
| Had previous treatment for an STI | 1.78 | (1.32, 2.39) | *** | 1.47 | (1.06, 2.04) | * |
| Number of sexual partners last year | 1.87 | (1.39, 2.51) | *** | 1.57 | (1.14, 2.15) | ** |
| Social support | ||||||
| Number of visits with friends/relatives in past month | 1.03 | (1.01, 1.05) | ** | 1.03 | (1.01, 1.05) | ** |
| Attends a temple/church | 0.70 | (0.50, 0.98) | * | 0.74 | (0.51, 1.06) | |
| Attends community meetings | 1.79 | (1.33, 2.42) | *** | 1.67 | (1.19, 2.34) | ** |
| Any conflict at home | 1.20 | (0.71, 2.04) | 0.84 | (0.48, 1.48) | ||
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p<.001