Table 2. Sample characteristics by country and country income (The WHO WMH surveys).
| Country | N | Age | Females | Not married | High school or more | Not working |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (s.e.) | % (s.e.) | % (s.e.) | % (s.e.) | % (s.e.) | ||
| Lower income | ||||||
| Colombia | 2381 | 36.6 (0.4) | 54.5 (1.5) | 43.4 (1.7) | 46.4 (2.1) | 46.4 (1.6) |
| India (Pondicherry) | 1373 | 38.1 (0.6) | 50.0 (1.6) | 30.2 (2.1) | 47.0 (1.9) | 52.1 (1.5) |
| Iraq | 4332 | 36.9 (0.4) | 49.7 (1.0) | 34.4 (1.2) | 35.3 (1.1) | 59.2 (1.2) |
| Nigeria | 2143 | 35.8 (0.4) | 51.0 (1.5) | 39.7 (1.6) | 35.6 (1.3) | 31.1 (1.4) |
| PRC (Beijing, Shanghai) | 1628 | 41.2 (0.6) | 47.7 (1.8) | 33.4 (1.7) | 55.0 (1.6) | 41.2 (2.2) |
| PRC (Shenzhen) | 2475 | 29.1 (0.3) | 50.3 (1.6) | 46.2 (1.3) | 49.4 (1.5) | 8.5 (0.6) |
| Ukraine | 1719 | 46.1 (0.8) | 55.1 (1.3) | 34.9 (1.4) | 81.9 (1.5) | 45.6 (2.1) |
| Middle income | ||||||
| Brazil | 2942 | 39.0 (0.5) | 52.8 (1.4) | 40.2 (1.6) | 47.2 (1.3) | 35.4 (1.1) |
| Bulgaria | 2233 | 47.8 (0.6) | 52.2 (1.3) | 25.7 (1.6) | 64.2 (1.3) | 50.4 (1.9) |
| Lebanon | 602 | 40.3 (0.9) | 48.1 (2.6) | 39.0 (3.2) | 40.5 (2.8) | 48.8 (2.4) |
| Mexico | 2362 | 35.2 (0.3) | 52.3 (1.8) | 32.7 (1.5) | 31.4 (1.6) | 41.6 (1.6) |
| Romania | 2357 | 45.5 (0.4) | 52.4 (1.3) | 30.4 (1.2) | 49.3 (1.7) | 60.7 (1.3) |
| South Africa | 4315 | 37.1 (0.3) | 53.6 (1.0) | 49.7 (1.1) | 37.8 (1.1) | 65.1 (1.4) |
| Higher income | ||||||
| Belgium | 1043 | 46.9 (0.7) | 51.7 (2.4) | 30.2 (1.7) | 69.7 (3.7) | 42.2 (1.4) |
| France | 1436 | 46.3 (0.7) | 52.2 (1.8) | 29.0 (1.8) | — (—) | 37.9 (1.8) |
| Germany | 1323 | 48.2 (0.8) | 51.7 (1.4) | 36.7 (1.7) | 96.4 (0.9) | 43.5 (2.1) |
| Israel | 4859 | 44.4 (0.1) | 51.9 (0.2) | 32.2 (0.6) | 78.3 (0.6) | 39.8 (0.7) |
| Italy | 1779 | 47.7 (0.6) | 52.0 (1.5) | 33.3 (1.6) | 39.4 (1.8) | 46.1 (1.7) |
| Japan | 1682 | 51.2 (0.7) | 53.0 (1.9) | 31.2 (1.4) | 71.6 (1.4) | 36.5 (1.8) |
| Netherlands | 1094 | 45.0 (0.8) | 50.9 (2.2) | 27.9 (2.6) | 69.7 (1.8) | 37.7 (2.6) |
| New Zealand | 7312 | 44.6 (0.4) | 52.2 (1.0) | 34.8 (1.0) | 60.4 (1.0) | 31.2 (0.9) |
| N. Ireland | 1708 | 45.3 (0.6) | 51.0 (1.4) | 40.4 (1.8) | 88.7 (1.0) | 37.4 (1.9) |
| Portugal | 2060 | 46.5 (0.6) | 51.9 (1.5) | 30.4 (1.4) | 54.8 (1.7) | 40.3 (1.5) |
| Spain | 2121 | 45.6 (0.6) | 51.4 (1.7) | 34.7 (1.5) | 41.7 (1.5) | 49.6 (1.8) |
| United States | 5692 | 45.0 (0.4) | 53.0 (1.0) | 44.1 (1.2) | 83.2 (0.9) | 33.2 (1.1) |
| All countries | 62 971 | 42.2 (0.1) | 51.9 (0.3) | 36.6 (0.3) | 57.4 (0.3) | 42.0 (0.3) |
| Comparison among countries | 183.8 (<0.0001)a | 1.2 (0.2) | 20.3 (<0.0001)b | 165.7 (<0.0001)b | 74.4 (<0.0001)b | |
| Lower income | 16 051 | 37.0 (0.2) | 51.1 (0.6) | 37.8 (0.6) | 47.2 (0.6) | 41.8 (0.6) |
| Middle income | 14 811 | 40.3 (0.2) | 52.5 (0.6) | 38.0 (0.6) | 44.5 (0.6) | 51.8 (0.6) |
| Higher income | 32 109 | 45.7 (0.2) | 52.1 (0.4) | 35.2 (0.4) | 69.1 (0.4) | 37.5 (0.4) |
| Comparison lower, middle, higher | 655.5 (<0.0001)a | 1.8 (0.2) | 10.4 (<0.0001)b | 638.6 (<0.0001)b | 177.6 (<0.0001)b | |
Abbreviations: PRC, Peoples' Republic of China; WHO, World Health Organization; WMH, World Mental Health.
a
Wald F test (P-value).
b
The χ2 test of independence (P-value).