Table1.
General characteristics of the study cohort
| Boys (n=246) | Girls (n=272) | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast-feeding duration categories: No (%) | |||||
| < 3months | 7 | (2.9) | 7 | (2.6) | 0.6 |
| 3-5 months | 23 | (9.4) | 19 | (7.0) | |
| 6-8 months | 26 | (10.6) | 23 | (8.5) | |
| 9-11 months | 34 | (13.8) | 45 | (16.5) | |
| 12-17 months | 105 | (42.7) | 131 | (48.2) | |
| 18+ months | 51 | (20.7) | 47 | (17.3 | |
| Age at starting regular solids: No (%) | |||||
| < 4 months | 43 | (18.7) | 51 | (20.2) | 0.5 |
| 4 months | 81 | (35.2) | 99 | (39.1) | |
| 5 months | 70 | (30.4) | 61 | (24.1) | |
| ≥ 6 months | 36 | (15.7) | 42 | (16.6) | |
| Children characteristics at 5 years-mean(SD) | |||||
| Age (years) | 5.0 | (0.04) | 5.0 | (0.03) | 0.09 |
| Height (cm) | 106.3 | (4.3) | 104.9 | (4.3) | 0.0004 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 13.6 | (1.0) | 13.5 | (1.2) | 0.6 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.9 | (0.5) | 4.8 | (0.3) | 0.3 |
| 30 min glucose (mmol/l) | 7.2 | (1.5) | 7.4 | (1.3) | 0.1 |
| 120 min glucose (mmol/l) | 5.9 | (1.0) | 5.9 | (0.9) | 0.5 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l)a | 18.6 | (11.4, 28.6) | 22.7 | (15.0, 22.7) | <0.0001 |
| 30 min insulin (pmol/l)a | 120.1 | (75.8, 211.1) | 168.4 | (108.0, 242.0) | 0.0006 |
| Insulin resistance (IR-HOMA)a | 0.6 | (0.4, 1.0) | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.2) | 0.0001 |
| Insulin increment a | 14.3 | (9.0, 24.7) | 19.5 | (12.8, 27.0) | 0.02 |
| Children characteristics at 9.5 years-mean(SD) | |||||
| Age (years) | 9.4 | (0.1) | 9.4 | (0.1) | 0.3 |
| Height (cm) | 131.3 | (5.5) | 130.3 | (5.9) | 0.07 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 14.6 | (1.8) | 14.7 | (2.0) | 0.9 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.7 | (0.4) | 4.7 | (0.4) | 0.1 |
| 30 min glucose (mmol/l) | 6.7 | (1.3) | 6.9 | (1.2) | 0.1 |
| 120 min glucose (mmol/l) | 5.0 | (1.0) | 5.2 | (0.8) | 0.067 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l)a | 19.2 | (12.0, 28.8) | 26.4 | (18.6, 36.0) | <0.0001 |
| 30 min insulin (pmol/l)a | 208.2 | (124.8, 342.0) | 270.0 | (166.8, 408.0) | <0.0001 |
| Insulin resistance (IR-HOMA)a | 0.7 | (0.4, 1.0) | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.3) | <0.0001 |
| Insulin increment a | 26.5 | (16.8, 45.5) | 35.3 | (21.6, 49.7) | 0.005 |
a
Log transformed variable; values are median and inter quartile range. P values for the differences between boys and girls derived using t-test or chi2 test.