Fig. 3.

Dynamics in chemistry. Age and associated factors for Nobel Prize winning achievements in Chemistry. (A) The evolution over time in the frequency of prize-winning contributions by ages 30 (Lower) and 40 (Upper). (B\x{2013}D) Related dynamics: the frequency of prize-winning achievements with an important theoretical component (B), the frequency of Nobel Laureates who received their PhD by age 25 (C), and the backward citation age for the top papers in Chemistry (D, inverted y axis), as defined in the text. Shaded regions indicate 95% confidence intervals.