NMR analysis of the UXS assay product. Chemical shifts (1H and 31P NMR) are expressed as ppm. Approximately 300 μg of HPLC-purified reaction product was lyophilised twice and taken up in 0.6 ml D2O. Spectra were recorded at 300 K at 600.18 MHz for 1H and at 242.96 MHz for 31P with a Bruker AV III 600 spectrometer. Data acquisition and processing were performed with the standard Bruker software. 1H spectra were referenced internally to sodium 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulphonate and 31P spectra to phosphoric acid (δ = 0).