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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012 May;70(5):1081–1092. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.05.002

Figure 4. Induction of apoptosis in alveolar osteoblast (A, B, C, D, E, F) and BMSC (G, H, I, J, K, L) treated cultures.

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Figure 4

Tunel assay (green stain) indicated the presence of apoptotic cells (white arrows) in the total cell population (blue stain - nuclei) treated with 10−4 M pamidronate (B, H) compared to untreated controls (A, G). Corresponding bright-field images are shown for pamidronate treated (D, J) and untreated cultures (C, I). Magnification 100×. Quantitative assessments of the Tunel slides (E, K) and measurements of caspase-3 activity (F, L) indicated a significant increase in the apoptotic cells after 72h of treatment with 10−4 M pamidronate compared to lower concentrations (*, p< 0.001). A similarly increasing trend with significant increases of caspase-3 activity after 72h was found with three-times higher pamidronate concentration (#, p<0.01) (*, p< 0.001). Data represent averages ± SD of measurements (n=3–4) obtained from three alveolar bone and three BMSCs samples.