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Mechanisms of predation occur at different length scales. (a) Indentation by beetle mandibles (while burrowing) occurs at the scale of approximately 1–10 µm. (b) The size of chips produced by squirrels is constrained by the maximum bite force to be approximately 360 µm. (c) Orangutans load the whole seed along the germination band, driving cracks at the structural level of 1000 µm and above.
