Table 1.

Potential biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering. PGA, (glycolic acid); PLLA, poly(l-lactic acid); PHB, poly-(beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-betahydroxyvalerate); PPD, poly(para-dioxanone); TMC, 1,3-trimethylene carbonate; PDLLA, poly(d,l-lactide); POC, poly(1,8-octanediol- co-citric acid); PGS, poly(glycerol sebacate). n.a. not applicable.

polymer	elastomer (E)/thermoplastic (T)	Y modulus (stiffness)	tensile strength	degradation (month)	references
PGA	T	7–10 GPa	70 MPa	2–12	[35,36]
PLLA	T	1–4 GPa	30–80 MPa	2–12	[35]
PHB	E	2–3 GPa	36 MPa	degradable	[37]
PPD or PDS	E	0.6 GPa	12 MPa	6	[36,38]
TMC	E	6 MPa	12 MPa	degradable	[38]
TMC-PDLLA (50 : 50)	E	16 MPa	10 MPa	degradable	[38]
POC	T	1–16 MPa	6.7 MPa	degradable	[36,39]
PGS	E	0.04–1.2 MPa	0.2–0.5 MPa	degradable	[36,40,41]
collagen fibre (tendon–bone)	E	2–46 MPa	1–7 MPa	degradable	[42,43]
collagen gel (calf skin)	E	0.002–0.022 MPa	1–9 kPa	degradable	[44]
rat myocardium	E	0.001–0.14 MPa	30–70 kPa	n.a.	[45–47]
human myocardium	E	0.02–0.5 MPa	3–15 kPa	n.a.	[14,48,49]