Examples of the diversity of shoot flattening in nine genera of Podocarpaceae: (a) Retrophyllum, (b) Dacrycarpus, (c) Falcatifolium, (d) Acmopyle, (e) Podocarpus, (f) Nageia, (g) Prumnopitys, (h) Phyllocladus and (i) Sundacarpus. As well as obvious planation of short shoots (a–d,g,i) podocarps have evolved (f) multi-vein leaves and (h) phylloclades, and internal conducting sclereids (see text). See the electronic supplementary material, table S1 for further details.