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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Sep 13;59(10):1899–1907. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03586.x

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Figure 2A: Risk estimates for the association between current opioid use and risk of pneumonia, stratified by characteristics of exposure. *Adjusted for matching variables (age, sex, index date), comorbidities, and functional and cognitive status measures. Referent group is non-users. †Current use was defined as receiving ≥ 1 opioid prescription in the 5–60 days prior to index date. ‡According to human and animal studies.7–9

Figure 2B: Risk estimates for the association between current benzodiazepine use and risk of pneumonia, stratified by characteristics of exposure. *Adjusted for matching variables (age, sex, index date), comorbidities, and functional and cognitive status measures. Referent group is non-users. †Current use was defined as receiving ≥ 1 benzodiazepine prescription in the 5–60 days prior to index date. ‡Total standardized doses.