Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis (logistic regression models) of risk factors associated with "Coronary heart disease (CHD) and/or myocardial infarction (MI)" and "Transient ischemic attack (TIA) and/or Ischemic Stroke (IS)" in 1,764 PC patients.
| Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and/or Myocardial Infarction (MI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
PCP Without CHD/MI No 1720 |
PCP With CHD/MI No 44 |
Univariate analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p | p | OR (IC 95%) | |
| Age (years) | 47.15 ± 17.98 | 67.64 ± 10.90 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.03 - 1.08) |
| BMI | 24.21 ± 4.00 | 26.70 ± 4.46 | < 0.001 | - | - |
| Total Cholesterol | 4.97 ± 0.83 | 5.33 ± 0.87 | 0.005 | 0.774 | 1.05 (0.73 - 1.52) |
| GFR (ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) | 71 ± 27.13 | 65.06 ± 34.55 | 0.155 | - | - |
| No (%) | No (%) | ||||
| Gender Females Males | 1160 (67.4) 560 (32.6) | 19 (43.2) 25 (56.8) | 0.001 | 0.007 | 2.95 (1.33 - 6.54) |
| Current or former smoker | 520 (32.1) | 24 (61.5) | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 3.34 (1.54 - 7.24) |
| VAD absent Mild VAD Moderate VAD Severe VAD | 1349 (78.4) 119 (6.9) 131 (7.6) 121 (7) |
13 (29.5) 7 (15.9) 10 (22.7) 14 (31.8) |
< 0.001 | 0.158 0.001 <0.001 | 2.37 (0.71 - 7.88) 5.35 (1.92 - 14.87) 7.46 (2.64 - 21.05) |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 220 (12.8) | 22 (50) | < 0.001 | 0.581 | 1.36 (0.45 - 4.11) |
| Diabetes or fasting glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/l | 303 (17.6) | 17 (38.6) | < 0.001 | 0.403 | 0.678 (0.27 - 1.68) |
| High Blood pressure | 424 (24.7) | 28 (63.6) | < 0.001 | 0.278 | 1.61 (0.68 - 3.83) |
| High Triglycerides | 259 (15.1) | 16 (36.4) | < 0.001 | - | - |
| Low HDL Cholesterol | 405 (23.5) | 33 (75) | < 0.001 | - | - |
| Increased WC | 290 (16.9) | 16 (36.4) | 0.001 | - | - |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) and/or Ischemic Stroke (IS) | |||||
|
PCP Without TIA/IS No 1705 |
PCP With TIA/IS No 59 |
Univariate analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p | p | OR (IC 95%) | |
| Age (years) | 46.84 ± 17.73 | 71.91 ± 11.11 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 1.07 (1.05 - 1.10) |
| BMI | 24.24 ± 4.02 | 25.25 ± 4.32 | 0.058 | - | - |
| Total Cholesterol | 4.98 ± 0.83 | 5.02 ± 0.81 | 0.762 | - | - |
| GFR (ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) | 71.38 ± 27.20 | 55.75 ± 27.43 | < 0.001 | 0.047 | 0.98 (0.97 - 1.00) |
| No (%) | No (%) | ||||
| Gender Females Males | 1146 (67.2) 559 (32.8) |
33 (55.9) 26 (44.1) |
0.070 | 0.005 | 2.47 (1.32 - 4.63) |
| Current or former smoker | 525 (32.7) | 19 (36.5) | 0.561 | - | - |
| VAD absent Mild VAD Moderate VAD Severe VAD | 1341 (78.7) 117 (6.) 127 (7.4) 120 (7) |
21 (35.6) 9 (15.3) 14 (23.7) 15 (25.4) |
< 0.001 | 0.027 0.001 < 0.001 | 2.73 (1.12 - 6.65) 4.20 (1.86 - 9.45) 5.10 (2.14 - 12.17) |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 215 (12.6) | 27 (45.8) | < 0.001 | 0.634 | 0.813 (0.34 - 1.90) |
| Diabetes or fasting glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/l | 295 (17.3) | 25 (42.4) | < 0.001 | 0.584 | 1.21 (0.60 - 2.44) |
| High Blood pressure | 411 (24.1) | 41 (69.5) | < 0.001 | 0.078 | 1.89 (0.93 - 3.83) |
| High Triglycerides | 249 (14.6) | 26 (44.1) | < 0.001 | - | - |
| Low HDL Cholesterol | 401 (23.5) | 37 (62.7) | < 0.001 | - | - |
| Increased WC | 289 (17) | 17 (28.8) | 0.018 | - | - |
Univariate analysis: qualitative variables were analyzed through χ2 test or Fisher exact Test; quantitative variables were analyzed through Student's t Test. Independent variables showing p value ≤ 0.10 in univariate analysis were entered in multivariate analysis. To avoid effects of multicollinearity with VAD categories the variables High Triglycerides, Low HDL Cholesterol, Increased WC and BMI were not included in either regression model.
PCP (primary care patients), VAD (visceral adipose dysfunction), GFR (Glomerular filtration rate) BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), CHD (coronary heart disease), MI (myocardial infarction), TIA (transiet ischemic attack), IS (ischemic stroke).