Table 2.
Summary of ethnopharmacological background and medicinal plants
| Scientific name Family [voucher number] |
Vernacular name | Principal medicinal indication/(Fidelity Level)♣ | Part used (condition) | Mode of preparation | Way of Administration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allium sativum L.Liliaceae | Ajo | Intestinal parasites (23) ♣,*,§ | Bulbs (fresh) | Decoction or fresh | Orally |
| flu (12) | |||||
| Cardiovascular diseases (4) | |||||
|
Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.† Liliaceae |
Sábila | Flu (24) ♣,*,§ | Internal part of the leaf (fresh) | Liquefied with honey (syrup) or decoction | Orally |
| Phlegm (14) | |||||
| Inflammation by burns (35) ♣,* | Fresh pulp | Applied locally | |||
|
Alpinia purpurata K. Schum Zingiberaceae [HUA 140922] |
Matandrea | Headache (34)♣, * | Leaf (fresh) | Macerated, cataplasm | Applied locally |
| Common cold (21) ♣,* | Decoction | Bath | |||
|
Ambrosia cumanensis Kunth.† Asteracea [HUA 140954] |
Ajenjo | Intestinal parasites (2) | Leaf (fresh) | Decoction | Orally |
|
Ambrosia peruviana Willd.Asteraceae [JBC 6090] |
Artemisa and altemisa | Headache.§ (5) | Leaf (fresh) | Macerated (poultice) | Applied locally |
| Common cold (21) ♣,* | Decoction | Bath | |||
| Anacardium occidentale L.Anacardiaceae | Marañon | Diabetes (17) | Fruit | Juice | Orally |
|
Annona muricata L.Annonaceae [JBC 1618] |
Guanabana | Fever (25) ♣,* | Leaf (dried or fresh) | Decoction | Orally |
| Inflammation (22) ♣,* | Leaf (fresh) | Bath | |||
|
Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal Annonaceae [JBC 5121] |
Matinbá | Evil eye (25) ♣,* | |||
| Inflammation (4) | |||||
| Body ache (8) | Leaf (dried or fresh) | Decoction | Bath | ||
|
Aristolochia anguicida Jacq.Aristolochiaceae [JBC 12473] |
Capitana and contracapitana | Pruritic ailments (22) ♣,* | Stem or lianas (dried) | Macerated in rum for about 20 days | Applied locally |
| Snake bite (34)♣* | |||||
|
Bauhinia aculeata L.Caesalpiniaceae [JBC 002643] |
Pata de vaca | Diabetes (12) | Leaf (dried or fresh) | Decoction | Orally |
|
Chenopodium ambrosioides L.Chenopodiaceae [HUA 140924] |
Yerba santa | Internal parasites (24) ♣,*,§ | Aerial parts (fresh) | Infusion | Orally |
|
Crescentia cujete L.† Bignoniaceae [JBC 47413] |
Totumo | Flu (29)♣,* | Internal part of the fruit | Decoction | Orally |
|
Eucalyptus globulus Labill.† Myrtaceae [JBC 005233] |
Eucalipto | Flu (21) ♣,*,§ | Leaf (dried or fresh) | Decoction | Orally |
|
Euphorbia tithymaloides L.Euphorbiaceae [JBC 3325] |
Pitamorreal | Earache (16) | Leaf (fresh) | Macerated | Application Locally |
| Inflammation (24)♣,* | Soasadas ‡ (poultice) | ||||
| Common cold (7) | Decoction | Bath | |||
|
Gliricidia sepium Steud.Fabaceae [HUA 140962] |
Matarratón | Fever (29) ♣,* | Leaf (fresh) | Decoction | Bath |
| Body ache (10) | |||||
| Pruritic ailments (44) ♣,* | |||||
|
Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.Malvaceae [JBC 4539] |
Guásimo | Flu (8)*, § | Leaf (dried) | Decoction | Orally |
| Inflammation (21) ♣,* | Latex | Fresh | Applied locally | ||
| Constipation (12) | Bark (dried) | Decoction | Orally | ||
|
Heliotropium indicum L.Boraginaceae [JBC 3691] |
Rabo de alacrán and verbena | Internal parasites (25) ♣,* | Leaf (fresh) | Decoction | Orally |
| Pruritic ailments (21) ♣,* | Applied locally | ||||
|
Justicia chaetocephala (Mildbr.) Leonard Acantaceae [JBC 3797] |
Chingamochila | Inflammation (6) | Leaf (fresh) | Macerated | Applied locally |
| Urinary ailments (25) ♣,* | Decoction or infusion | Orally | |||
|
Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn.Cucurbitaceae [JBC 278] |
Estropajito pequeño | Sinusitis (30)♣* | Fruit (dried) | Decoction | Nose instillation |
| Cogged nose (12) | |||||
|
Malachra alceifolia Jacq.Malvaceae [JBC 3324] |
Malva | Inflammation (21)♣,* | Leaf (fresh) | Decoction | Applied locally |
| Fever (12) | Bath | ||||
|
Mangifera indica L.Anacardiaceae [HUA 140952] |
Mango | Indigestion (25)♣,* | Leaf (fresh) | Decoction | Orally |
| Inflammation (2) | Bark (dried) | ||||
|
Matricaria chamomilla L. † Asteraceae |
Manzanilla | Colic (44)♣, *, § | Aerial parts (fresh) | Infusion or decoction | Orally |
| Nervousness (22) ♣,* | Infusion | Orally | |||
| Conjunctivitis (22) ♣,* | Decoction | Eyes instillation | |||
| Mentha sativa L.Labiatae | Hierba Buena | Nervousness (55)♣,* | Leaf (dried or fresh) | Decoction | Orally |
|
Momordica charantia L. M. Nee.Cucurbitaceae [HUA 140953 |
Balsamina | Intestinal parasites (21) ♣,* | Aerial parts (fresh) | Infusion | Orally |
| Fever (5) | |||||
| Pruritic ailments (12) | Leaf (fresh) | Macerated | Applied locally | ||
|
Murraya exotica L.Rutaceae [JBC 098] |
Azahar de la India | Toothache (35)♣* | Leaf (fresh) | Macerated | Applied locally |
| Fever (13) | Aerial parts | Decoction | Bath | ||
|
Ocimun basilicum L.† Lamiaceae [JBC 000441] |
Albahaca | Dry skin condition (25) ♣,* | Leaf (dried or fresh) | Decoction | Bath |
| Common cold (21) ♣,* | |||||
|
Ocimum tenuiflorum L.Lamiaceae [JBC 000312] |
Toronjil | Flatulence (21) ♣,* | Aerial parts (fresh). | Decoction or infusion. | Orally. |
| Nervousness (13) | |||||
|
Origanum mejorana L.† Lamiaceae |
Mejorana | Flatulence (30) ♣,* | Aerial parts (fresh) | Macerated and decoction | Orally |
|
Origanum vulgare L.† Labiatae [JBC 012] |
Orégano | Earache (48) ♣,* | Leaf Soasadas‡ | Instillation | Application Locally |
|
Petiveria alliacea L.Phytolaccaceae [HUA 140961] |
Anamú | Fever (38) ♣,*,§ | |||
| Asthma (21) ♣,* | Leaf (dried or fresh) | Decoction Decoction |
Orally Inhalation of vapor |
||
|
Plantago major L.† Plantaginaceae [HUA 140926] |
Llantén | Kidney pain (31)♣ | Leaf (fresh) | Decoction infusion | Orally |
| Abdominal pain (12) | Macerated/decoction | ||||
| Eye injuries (25) ♣,* | Infusion | Eye instillation | |||
|
Psidium guajava L.Myrtaceae [HUA 140931] |
Guayaba | Nervousness (18) | Leaf (fresh) | Decoction | Orally |
| Diarrhea (34)♣, * | |||||
|
Ricinus communis L.Euphorbiaceae [JBC 465] |
Higuereta | Common cold (22)♣, * | Leaf (fresh) | Decoction | Bath |
|
Russelia equisetiformis Schlecht. & Cham.Scrophulariaceae [JBC 000353] |
Cola de Caballo | Kidney stones (25) ♣,* | Entire plant (fresh). | Decoction | Orally |
| Constipation (16) | Aerial parts | ||||
|
Sambucus nigra L.Caprifoliaceae [JBC 5] |
Salvia peluda | Boils (45) ♣,* | Leaf (fresh) | Macerated | Application Locally |
| Flatulence (22) ♣,* | Decoction | Orally | |||
|
Solanum americanum Mill, W. D'Arcy Solanaceae [HUA 140962] |
Hierba mora | Toothache (38) ♣,* | Leaf (fresh) | Macerated and decoction (poultice) | Application Locally |
| Skin affections (22) ♣,* | Bath | ||||
|
Tabebuia rosea DC.Bignoniaceae [JBC 3069] |
Apamate | Skin affections (25) ♣,* Fever (7) |
Bark and stem (dried) | Decoction | Bath Orally |
|
Terminalia catappa L., J. Espina.Combretácea [JBC 977] |
Almendro(a) | Skin affections (21) ♣,* | Leaf (fresh) | Soasadas‡ (poultice) | Topic Application |
|
Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray.Asteraceae [JBC 000038] |
Arnica | Skin affections (10) | Leaf (fresh) | Macerated (poultice) | Application Locally |