Table 1.
Patient characteristics of 260 Dutch and 151 Swiss chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (total cohort N = 411) enrolled in the International Collaborative Effort on Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Exacerbation Risk Index Cohorts prospective cohort study
| Dutch cohort n, (%) |
Swiss cohort n, (%) |
Total cohort n, (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 130 (50.0) | 103 (68.2) | 233 (56.7) |
| Female | 130 (50.0) | 48 (31.8) | 178 (43.3) |
| Age | |||
| p5, p50, p95 | 51, 66, 83 | 52, 67, 81 | 51, 66, 82 |
| BMI | |||
| p5, p50, p95 | 18.8, 25.5, 35.8 | 19.8, 25.2, 35.1 | 19.5, 25.4, 35.1 |
| Living situation | |||
| Alone | 103 (39.6) | 46 (30.5) | 149 (36.3) |
| With partner | 117 (45.0) | 95 (62.9) | 212 (51.6) |
| With children | 12 (4.6) | 3 (2.0) | 15 (3.6) |
| With partner and children | 28 (10.8) | 5 (3.3) | 33 (8.0) |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.3) | 2 (0.5) |
| Profession | |||
| Working | 53 (20.4) | 36 (23.8) | 89 (21.7) |
| House wife | 21 (8.1) | 1 (0.7) | 22 (5.4) |
| Retired | 132 (50.8) | 106 (70.2) | 238 (57.9) |
| Disabled | 53 (20.4) | 8 (5.3) | 61 (14.8) |
| Unemployed | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) |
| Highest education | |||
| Primary school | 57 (21.9) | 21 (13.9) | 78 (19.0) |
| Secondary school | 115 (44.2) | 105 (69.5) | 220 (53.5) |
| Intermediate vocational | 53 (20.4) | 15 (9.9) | 68 (16.5) |
| Higher vocational/university | 34 (13.1) | 6 (4.0) | 40 (9.7) |
| Unknown | 1 (0.4) | 4 (2.6) | 5 (1.2) |
| Diagnosis of COPD since | |||
| <1 year | 23 (8.8) | 29 (19.2) | 52 (12.6) |
| 1–5 years | 102 (39.2) | 45 (29.8) | 147 (35.8) |
| 5–10 years | 48 (18.5) | 27 (17.9) | 75 (18.2) |
| >10 years | 65 (25.0) | 42 (27.8) | 107 (26.0) |
| Unknown | 22 (8.5) | 8 (5.3) | 30 (7.3) |
| Pack years | |||
| p5, p50, p95 | 1, 37, 82 | 0, 45, 110 | 1, 40, 90 |
| Smoking habits | |||
| Nonsmoker | 10 (3.9) | 9 (6.0) | 19 (4.6) |
| Former smoker | 137 (52.7) | 87 (57.6) | 224 (54.5) |
| Current smoker | 104 (40.0) | 53 (35.1) | 157 (38.2) |
| Cigarettes per day | |||
| p5, p50, p95 | 3, 15, 40 | 3, 20, 50 | 3, 15, 40 |
| Passive smoker | 11 (4.2) | 28 (18.5) | 39 (9.5) |
| Cigar smoker | 8 (3.1) | 4 (2.7) | 12 (2.9) |
| Pipe smoker | 4 (1.5) | 6 (4.0) | 10 (2.4) |
| Exacerbations treated at home | |||
| 0 | 171 (65.8) | 102 (67.5) | 273 (66.4) |
| 1–2 | 75 (28.8) | 47 (31.1) | 122 (29.7) |
| >2 | 14 (5.4) | 1 (0.7) | 15 (3.6) |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) |
| Exacerbations treated in hospital | |||
| 0 | 248 (95.4) | 137 (90.7) | 385 (93.7) |
| 1–2 | 11 (4.2) | 12 (7.9) | 23 (5.6) |
| >2 | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (0.5) |
| Unknown | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) |
| MRC score | |||
| p5, p50, p95 | 0, 2.5, 4 | 0, 1, 3 | 0, 1, 4 |
| GOLD II | 0, 1, 4 | 0, 1, 2 | 0, 1, 4 |
| GOLD III | 1, 4, 4 | 0, 1, 3 | 1, 2, 4 |
| GOLD IV | 1, 4, 4 | 1, 2, 3 | 1, 3, 4 |
| 0 | 37 (14.2) | 34 (22.5) | 71 (17.3) |
| 1 | 77 (29.6) | 78 (51.7) | 155 (37.7) |
| 2 | 16 (6.2) | 25 (16.6) | 41 (10.0) |
| 3 | 28 (10.8) | 14 (9.3) | 42 (10.2) |
| 4 | 102 (39.2) | 0 (0.0) | 102 (24.8) |
| Chronic cough | |||
| Yes | 122 (46.9) | 79 (52.3) | 201 (48.9) |
| No | 138 (53.1) | 72 (47.7) | 210 (51.1) |
| Chronic phlegm | |||
| Yes | 120 (46.2) | 79 (52.3) | 199 (48.4) |
| No | 139 (53.5) | 70 (46.4) | 209 (50.9) |
| Unknown | 1 (0.4) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (0.7) |
Notes: MRC score is divided into five categories: 0 = breathless with strenuous exercise, 1 = breathless when hurrying or walking up a slight hill, 2 = walks slower than other people of the same age because of breathlessness or has to stop for breath when walking at own pace, 3 = has to stop for breath after walking 100 yards or after a few minutes, 4 = too breathless to leave the house or breathless while (un)dressing. Numbers in GOLD stage II, III, and IV are 174, 64, and 22 for Dutch, 95, 40, and 16 for Swiss, and 269, 104, and 38 for total cohort.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; MRC, medical research council; p5, fifth percentile, p50, median, p95, 95th percentile.