Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Community-Living Individuals by Quartiles of Plasma Fetuin-A: The Rancho Bernardo Study
| Fetuin-A Quartiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fetuin-A Range (g/L) N |
All 1375 |
I < 0.45 342 |
II 0.45–0.51 343 |
III 0.52–0.58 345 |
IV ≥ 0.59 345 |
P-value† |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) ± SD | 70 ± 11 | 73 ± 12 | 70 ± 11 | 69 ± 11 | 68 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| Male n (%) | 492 (36%) | 138 (40%) | 132 (38%) | 133 (39%) | 89 (26%) | <0.001 |
| Lifestyle Factors | ||||||
| Current smoking n (%) | 107 (8%) | 28 (8%) | 30 (9%) | 21 (6%) | 28 (8%) | 0.58 |
| Regular physical exercise n (%) | 979 (71%) | 243 (71%) | 261 (76%) | 243 (70%) | 232 (67%) | 0.08 |
| Alcohol ≥ 3/week n (%) | 626 (46%) | 178 (52%) | 165 (48%) | 155 (45%) | 128 (37%) | 0.001 |
| Health Status | ||||||
| Oral Estrogen Use n (%)** | 350 (25%) | 53 (26%) | 75 (36%) | 81 (38%) | 141 (55%) | <0.001 |
| Fair or Poor Health Status n (%) | 83 (6%) | 27 (8%) | 21 (6%) | 18 (5%) | 17 (5%) | 0.34 |
| Any hospitalizations in past year n (%) | 106 (8%) | 25 (8%) | 27 (8%) | 28 (8%) | 26 (8%) | 0.98 |
| Co-morbidities* | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 0.29 |
| Medications* | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (1, 1) | 0.91 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||||
| Obese n (%) | 161 (12%) | 23 (7%) | 41 (12%) | 50 (14%) | 47 (14%) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes n (%) | 170 (12%) | 35 (10%) | 37 (11%) | 40 (12%) | 58 (17%) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension n (%) | 674 (49%) | 171 (50%) | 155 (45%) | 171 (50%) | 177 (51%) | 0.41 |
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors | ||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) ± SD | 25 ± 4 | 25 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) ± SD | 135 ± 22 | 134 ± 21 | 134 ± 22 | 135 ± 24 | 135 ± 21 | 0.94 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) ± SD | 76 ± 9 | 75 ± 10 | 76 ± 9 | 77 ± 9 | 77 ± 9 | 0.03 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) ± SD | 211 ± 35 | 205 ± 34 | 209 ± 36 | 212 ± 35 | 217 ± 36 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) ± SD | 128 ± 32 | 122 ± 32 | 128 ± 32 | 130 ± 32 | 130 ± 31 | 0.05 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) ± SD | 59 ± 17 | 61 ± 17 | 59 ± 16 | 58 ± 17 | 59 ± 18 | 0.18 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)* | 103 (73, 146) | 90 (67, 121) | 96 (67, 139) | 110 (76, 156) | 123 (85, 187) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) ± SD | 68 ± 16 | 68 ± 16 | 68 ± 14 | 69 ± 18 | 68 ± 14 | 0.48 |
| eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2, n (%) | 413 (30%) | 104 (30%) | 105 (31%) | 104 (30%) | 1060 (29%) | 0.97 |
*
Median (interquartile range), p-value obtained by Kruskal Wallis test.
**
Women only
†
P-value across quartiles by ANOVA, Chi Square unless otherwise indicated.