Table 5.
Relationships between three dietary intake measures and fast food outlet density and supermarket availability in the residential neighborhood and activity space (one standard deviation ellipse, daily path area) (n=116)a, b, c
| Saturated Fat Intake | Fruit and vegetable intak | Whole grain intake | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
| Coef. | S.E. | Coef. | S.E. | Coef. | S.E. | Coef. | S.E. | Coef. | S.E. | Coef. | S.E. | |
| Fast food outlet density | ||||||||||||
| One standard deviation ellipse | ||||||||||||
| Neighborhood fast food | ||||||||||||
| 1 outlet | 0.34 | (2.00) | 0.19 | (2.00) | 0.01 | (0.14) | <−0.01 | (0.14) | 0.12 | (0.14) | 0.12 | (0.14) |
| 2+ outlets | −2.28 | (1.71) | −2.91 | (1.80) | −0.04 | (0.12) | −0.07 | (0.13) | −0.05 | (0.12) | −0.08 | (0.13) |
| (Reference: no outlet) | ||||||||||||
| Ellipse fast food outlet density | 1.29 | (1.18) | 0.07 | (0.08) | 0.04 | (0.09) | ||||||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.18 | ||||||
| R2 Change | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | |||||||||
| Daily path area | ||||||||||||
| Neighborhood fast food | ||||||||||||
| 1 outlet | 0.29 | (1.94) | 0.01 | (0.14) | 0.13 | (0.14) | ||||||
| 2+ outlets | −2.78 | (1.66) | −0.03 | (0.12) | −0.02 | (0.12) | ||||||
| (Reference: no outlet) | ||||||||||||
| Daily path area fast food outlet density | 3.72 | (1.42) * | −0.09 | (0.10) | −0.27 | (0.10) * | ||||||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.67 | 0.15 | 0.24 | |||||||||
| R2 Change | 0.02 | * | 0.01 | 0.05 | * | |||||||
| Supermarket availability | ||||||||||||
| One standard deviation ellipse | ||||||||||||
| Ellipse supermarket availability | 0.24 | (1.59) | −0.02 | (0.11) | −0.18 | (0.11) | ||||||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.65 | 0.16 | 0.21 | |||||||||
| Daily path area | ||||||||||||
| Daily path area supermarket availability | 0.95 | (1.80) | −0.04 | (0.12) | −0.17 | (0.13) | ||||||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.65 | 0.16 | 0.20 | |||||||||
Coef. = Coefficient S.E.= Standard error
p<0.05
Estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Models for each of the activity space measures (one standard deviation ellipse, daily path area) and the two environmental features (fast food outlet density, supermarket accessibility) were estimated separately. Model 1 was not estimated for supermarket accessibility because none of the participants had a supermarket within 0.5 mile of their home.
Covariates: age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, employment status, auto ownership, area of the city
A dummy variable was included representing those with missing income data.