Table 2.

Signals involved in the long-term control of body weight

Name	Origin	Action and effect
Adiponectin	Adipose tissue	Enhances insulin sensitivity, decreases inflammation
Agouti-Related Peptide	Arcuate Nucleus (hypothalamus)	Increases appetite; decreases metabolism
Arcuate Nucleus	Hypothalamus	Area of energy regulation; location of CART, POMC, AgRP, NPY
Cocaine-Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Neurons	Arcuate Nucleus (hypothalamus)	Reduces energy intake
Insulin	Pancreas	Reduces energy intake
Leptin	Adipose tissue	Reduces energy intake
A-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone	POMC (ARC, hypothalamus)	Reduces energy intake
Neuropeptide Y	Arcuate Nucleus	Increases appetite; decreases metabolism
Orexin	Hypothalamus	Increases appetite
Oxyntomodulin	Colon	Reduces appetite
Pro-opiomelanocortin	Arcuate Nucleus (hypothalamus)	Releases α-MSH; reduces energy intake
Periventricular Nucleus	Hypothalamus	Appetite and autonomic regulation