Table 1.

Study population characteristics at enrollment of ITN + IRS versus ITN only

	ITN + IRS (N = 919)	ITN only (N = 885)	P value
Median age in years (range)	12 (0.5–105)	12 (0.6–91)	0.61
Female (%)	57	56	0.57
Head of household completed primary school (%)	20	32	0.03
Mother completed primary school (%)	21	29	0.05
Household type
Traditional mud hut (%)	10	3	0.002
Semi-permanent (corrugated iron roof) (%)	64	84	0.002
Permanent (concrete or stone walls) (%)	26	12	0.39
Eves open (%)	90	94	0.25
Mosquito prevention methods
Mosquito coils, insecticide spray, or repellents used in prior week (%)	6	6	0.96
Received IRS (%)	73	6	< 0.001
At least one bed net in house (%)	71	72	0.95
Slept under an ITN the prior night (%)
< 5 years	36	30	0.24
5–14 years	20	15	0.20
≥ 15 years	30	22	0.05
Overall	28	21	0.04
Fever in prior 2 weeks (%)
< 5 years	51	44	0.18
5–14 years	34	21	< 0.002
≥ 15 years	60	38	< 0.001
Overall	49	33	< 0.001
Took antimalarial in prior 2 weeks (%)	21	28	0.08
Took ACT in prior 2 weeks (%)	6	10	0.09
Mean hemoglobin (g/dL)
< 5 years	11.2	10.5	< 0.001
5–14 years	12.6	12.3	0.008
≥ 15 years	12.6	12.6	0.95
Overall	12.3	12.0	0.009
P. falciparum parasitemia prevalence (%)
< 5 years	8	6	0.48
5–14 years	12	9	0.37
≥ 15 years	2	2	0.95
Overall	7	5	0.39
Geometric mean P. falciparum parasite density per microliter) among participants with parasites	1,136	835	0.45
Clinical malaria (P. falciparum parasitemia with fever; %)
< 5 years	1.9	0.5	0.24
5–14 years	2.4	0.5	0.05
≥ 15 years	0.3	0.6	0.55
Overall	1.4	0.5	0.05