Table 4.

Reasons for first-help seeking among respondents with pre-ulcers and ulcers, Ghana^*

Reason	Pre-ulcers (n = 124), %	Ulcers (n = 154), %	P
Treatment is very effective	54.8	61.7	0.206
Closeness to home	54.0	42.9	< 0.001
Affordable	23.4	20.8	< 0.001
Self-referral	62.9	62.3	< 0.001
Referral by family/friends	71.0	70.1	< 0.001
Referral by health worker (professional)	8.0	13.0	0.002
Referral by CBSV	7.2	4.0	1
Education through IEC activities	10.5	9.7	0.031
Medical treatment is effective	21.0	21.4	< 0.001
Herbal treatment is not effective	17.7	21.4	0.119

^*Shown are responses of persons who sought outside help; responses of those who did not seek outside help are not included. Categories reported by less than 5% of respondents are not presented. Total reported values in percentages include combined spontaneous and probed responses. Fisher's exact test was used for pre-ulcer and ulcer comparisons. CBSV = community-based surveillance volunteers; IEC = information, education, and communication.