Table 3.
Nursery assessments and motor and cognitive indices for groups of primates
| Colony OT N/A | Control OT 0 min | Asphyxiated |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OT 15 min | OT 18 min | |||
| Nursery assessments, days to criterion | ||||
| Muscle tone | 4.3 ± 0.4 (20) | 5.5 ± 0.2 (5) | 7.6 ± 0.1 (4)* | 9.1 ± 0.7 (6)* |
| Response quality | 3.9 ± 0.3 (20) | 6.2 ± 0.6 (5)a | 6.8 ± 0.8 (4)b | 8.8 ± 1.1 (6)c |
| Early reflexes | 6.1 ± 0.4 (20) | 6.9 ± 0.5 (5) | 7.7 ± 0.7 (4) | 10.1 ± 1.3 (6) |
| Behavioral state | 5.0 ± 0.6 (20) | 6.9 ± 1.2 (5) | 10.1 ± 2.7 (4) | 9.7 ± 1.4 (5) |
| Object permanence, days to criterion | ||||
| Reach | 30.3 ± 2.4 (20) | 31.6 ± 4.2 (5) | 37.3 ± 5.3 (4) | 46.2 ± 3.2 (6) |
| Screen hide | 69.3 ± 5.1 (20) | 86.8 ± 5.8 (5) | 81.3 ± 4.3 (4) | 89.5 ± 10.1 (4) |
| Well hide | 71.9 ± 6.2 (20) | 88.0 ± 14.3 (5) | 86.5 ± 14.9 (4) | 94.3 ± 12.4 (4) |
| Motor skills, days to criterion | ||||
| Climb ramp | 27.8 ± 3.3 (20) | 24.6 ± 2 (5) | 56.8 ± 12.4 (4)* | 40.5 ± 4.8 (6) |
| Release grasp | 40.5 ± 4.7 (20) | 42.2 ± 8.3 (5) | 76.5 ± 14.2 (4) | 64.7 ± 10.9 (6) |
| RIFM (dexterity) | 61.7 ± 5.3 (20) | 100 ± 11.3 (4)a | 79.3 ± 4.6 (4) | 119 ± 29.3 (3)b |
| WGTA, sessions to criterion | ||||
| B/W discrimination | 2.9 ± 0.3 (16) | 2.8 ± 0.8 (4) | 3.8 ± 0.5 (4) | 4.6 ± 1.2 (5) |
| B/W reversal | 4.6 ± 0.4 (16) | 5.5 ± 0.6 (4) | 5.5 ± 1.2 (4) | 5.3 ± 0.9 (4) |
| Color discrimination | 5.4 ± 1.2 (16) | 12.0 ± 3.9 (4) | 11.8 ± 3.7 (4) | 7.4 ± 1.2 (5) |
| Hamilton Search Adaptation | 4.0 ± 0.5 (16) | 4.5 ± 1.2 (4) | 5.3 ± 0.8 (4) | 6.3 ± 1.3 (4) |
| Recognition memory, % net preference for novel image1 | ||||
| Abstract | 9.6 ± 2.6 (19)‡ | 11.2 ± 2.8 (5)† | 10.29 ± 8.4 (4) | 4.72 ± 8.5 (5) |
| Social | 4.8 ± 2.1 (19)* | 1.1 ± 1.3 (5) | 4.7 ± 1.9 (4)* | 0.1 ± 4.6 (5) |
| Overall | 7.3 ± 1.6 (19)‡ | 6.0 ± 1.2 (5)† | 7.7 ± 3.8 (4) | 2.3 ± 2.8 (5) |
Values denote means ± SEM with numbers in parentheses. OT = Occlusion time; RIFM = relatively independent finger movements; B/W = black/white.
1
Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence: normal animals spend significantly more time focused on a novel image relative to chance.
a
p < 0.05
b
p < 0.01
c
p < 0.001, Dunnett's post hoc test compared with colony
*
p < 0.05
†
p < 0.01
‡
p < 0.001, compared with control (or with chance for Fagan tests of memory).