. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 20.

Published in final edited form as: Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Oct 20;10(4):336–347. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.002

Table 1. Nutrient sources and requirements for Bacteroides and Clostridium.

Typical nutrient sources and requirements for Bacteroides and host-associated Clostridium species are shown. Note that nutrient sources and requirements can vary considerably among species, so the ones shown here should be interpreted as a general guideline.

	Bacteroides	Clostridium
Carbon	saccharides¹	amino acids⁶, saccharides²,³ SCFAs⁴
Nitrogen	NH₃¹	amino acids²,³
Other Requirements	CO₂, B12, hemin, cysteine or sulfide, menaquinone¹	pantothenate, pyridoxine, (biotin)²,³
Major Excreted Products	acetate, propionate, H₂, succinate¹	acetate, butyrate, H₂, alcohols⁵

(Macy et al., 1978)

(Karasawa et al., 1995)

(Sebald and Costilow, 1975)

⁴

(Sohling and Gottschalk, 1996)

⁵

(Dabrock et al., 1992)

⁶

(Barker, 1981)