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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Dis. 2011 Aug 23;45(1):310–321. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.08.015

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

A. Representative axial MRI scans of children with refractory epilepsy from TSC (left) and CDIIB (right). Both children were 7 yr of age at the time of surgery. There are multiple cortical tubers (dashed circles) in the patient with TSC and one focal area of cortical dysplasia in the left temporal lobe in the child with CDIIB. In the TSC case the left frontal tuber was removed and both children are seizure free post-surgery. B. Left panels: Section of a tuber (originating from a 19 month-old male) showing abundant giant cells and disorganized collections of dysmorphic neurons. Arrows in left panel indicate giant cells in which the nucleus shows coarse chromatin, a pattern often seen in astrocytes. Right panels: Representative fields from a resection (originating from a 9 year-old female) showing features of CD type IIB. Note a balloon cell (arrow, left panel) with glassy eosinophilic cytoplasm, and dysmorphic neurons (arrows, right panel). The balloon cell shows ‘retraction’ of cytoplasm from the neuropil (images are from sections stained with H&E). Scale bar represents 50 μm and applies to all panels.