TABLE 2.
The mean (± SEM) effects of returning drinking water (RE) on the composite meal and within-meal structure for the subsequent 5 days. Significant differences across days were determined using one-way ANOVA, see text for results.
| Mean (± SEM) |
Dunnett’s post-hoc vs EU |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RE Day | |||||||||||
| Measure | EU | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Number of composite meals | 9.0 (0.5) | 7.6 (0.5) | 9.3 (0.4) | 9.8 (0.7) | 10.0 (0.6) | 10.3 (1.0) | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Inter-meal Interval (min) | 87.7 (5.7) | 116.8 (8.0) | 120.5 (5.2) | 113.9 (6.0) | 104.2 (6.1) | 97.0 (9.0) | * | * | * | ns | ns |
| Composite meal duration (min) | 24.6 (1.6) | 25.4 (1.7) | 22.0 (1.3) | 20.5 (1.5) | 21.2 (1.9) | 20.5 (2.8) | ns | ns | * | ns | * |
| Within-meal feeding (min) | 18.1 (1.6) | 15.7 (1.4) | 15.8 (1.2) | 14.7 (1.6) | 15.1 (1.7) | 14.9 (2.5) | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Within-meal drinking (min) | 3.7 (0.5) | 7.3 (0.6) | 3.7 (0.3) | 3.6 (0.1) | 3.7 (0.2) | 3.9 (0.6) | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Food:Liquid ratio (min/min) | 5.5 (0.8) | 2.2 (0.2) | 4.5 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.4) | 4.1 (0.4) | 4.1 (0.4) | * | ns | * | * | * |
| Within-meal size | |||||||||||
| Within-meal feeding (g) | 2.8 (0.2) | 2.3 (0.1) | 2.7 (0.1) | 2.7 (0.2) | 2.8 (0.2) | 2.8 (0.3) | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Within-meal drinking (mL) | 3.1 (0.2) | 6.8 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.2) | 3.0 (0.3) | 3.3 (0.4) | 3.4 (0.5) | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Food:Liquid ratio (g/mL) | 1.1 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.0) | 1.0 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.0) | * | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Percentage of meals in dark phase | 82.9 (1.7) | 54.1 (2.7) | 49.4 (4.3) | 54.7 (3.6) | 56.3 (3.5) | 61.2 (3.8) | * | * | * | * | * |
Symbols denote significant individual differences between EU and subsequent days of RE where *P<0.05.