Table 2.
Employment Ultimatum (N=861) | Legal Ultimatum (N=430) | Medical Ultimatum (N=781) | Family Ultimatum (N=1288) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Age (per 1 year increase) | 1.04 | 1.01–1.07 | 0.98 | 0.95–1.02 | 1.05 | 1.02–1.08 | 0.97 | 0.96–0.99 |
| ||||||||
Female vs. Male | 0.54 | 0.30–0.97 | 1.38 | 0.75–2.56 | 2.16 | 1.22–3.81 | 0.48 | 0.37–0.64 |
| ||||||||
Ethnicity | ||||||||
African American vs. White | 1.95 | 1.09–3.50 | 0.55 | 0.20–1.51 | 2.19 | 0.99–4.86 | 0.81 | 0.54–1.22 |
Hispanic vs. White | 0.75 | 0.36–1.56 | 0.64 | 0.24–1.65 | 1.64 | 0.66–4.04 | 0.77 | 0.50–1.17 |
Other vs. White | 3.25 | 1.41–7.50 | 1.21 | 0.45–3.29 | 2.77 | 1.09–7.04 | 1.31 | 0.79–2.20 |
| ||||||||
Education | ||||||||
High School Graduate vs. < High School | 1.10 | 0.56–2.16 | 1.06 | 0.52–2.13 | 0.91 | 0.42–1.97 | 1.02 | 0.71–1.47 |
Some College vs. < High School | 0.54 | 0.26–1.12 | 0.69 | 0.30–1.59 | 0.79 | 0.34–1.83 | 1.11 | 0.75–1.64 |
| ||||||||
Occupation | ||||||||
Craftsman vs. Manager/Professional | 2.26 | 1.20–4.24 | NAa | NAa | NAa | NAa | NAa | NAa |
Clerical vs. Manager/Professional | 0.77 | 0.40–1.52 | ||||||
Farming vs. Manager/Professional | 1.81 | 0.86–3.81 | ||||||
| ||||||||
Income > $40K vs. < $40K I | 0.66 | 0.41–1.07 | 0.66 | 0.34–1.30 | 0.64 | 0.33–1.24 | 1.07 | 0.82–1.40 |
| ||||||||
Marital Status | ||||||||
Never vs. Married | 1.78 | 0.94–3.38 | 1.68 | 0.77–3.68 | 1.01 | 0.44–2.31 | 0.52 | 0.36–0.75 |
Separate/Divorced vs. Married | 1.61 | 0.90–2.86 | 1.63 | 0.77–3.44 | 0.68 | 0.33–1.39 | 0.73 | 0.54–1.00 |
Widowed vs. Married | 2.55 | 0.53–12.36 | 4.23 | 0.56–31.96 | 0.64 | 0.12–3.51 | 2.01 | 0.76–5.33 |
| ||||||||
Live Alone, Yes vs. No | 1.01 | 0.55–1.85 | 0.69 | 0.29–1.66 | 0.97 | 0.43–2.22 | 0.77 | 0.52–1.14 |
| ||||||||
Treatment History, Any vs. None | 0.93 | 0.82–1.07 | 0.97 | 0.90–1.06 | 0.99 | 0.89–1.10 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 |
| ||||||||
ASI b Scores | ||||||||
Psychiatric | 0.51 | 0.19–1.37 | 1.07 | 0.95–1.20 | 1.38 | 0.39–4.90 | 0.76 | 0.45–1.30 |
Medical | 0.55 | 0.28–1.08 | 0.99 | 0.91–1.07 | 2.46 | 0.94–6.42 | 1.00 | 0.72–1.40 |
Employment | 7.17 | 2.42–21.28 | 1.03 | 0.92–1.15 | 2.08 | 0.60–7.26 | 2.00 | 1.12–3.59 |
Family/Social | 0.62 | 0.24–1.60 | 0.90 | 0.80–1.01 | 1.06 | 0.36–3.13 | 5.43 | 3.11–9.51 |
Legal | 0.18 | 0.05–0.66 | 1.47 | 1.26–1.72 | 0.29 | 0.06–1.38 | 0.71 | 0.37–1.37 |
| ||||||||
Dependence Type | ||||||||
Drug Only vs. Alcohol Only | 1.14 | 0.62–2.10 | 0.91 | 0.43–1.93 | 0.72 | 0.35–1.46 | 1.39 | 1.02–1.90 |
Alcohol & Drug vs. Alcohol Only | 1.17 | 0.59–2.31 | 0.77 | 0.34–1.72 | 0.95 | 0.45–2.00 | 1.28 | 0.90–1.81 |
Abuse vs. Alcohol Only | 7.69 | 4.27–13.83 | 1.29 | 0.52–3.18 | 0.36 | 0.12–1.13 | 1.02 | 0.65–1.61 |
Notes:
Occupation measures were not included in regressions because all individuals not employed would have missing data.
ASI = Addiction Severity Index.