TABLE 3.

Composition and dosage of micronutrients used in reviewed trials

First author (reference)	Vitamin A	β-Carotene	Vitamin B-1 (thiamine)	Vitamin B-2 (riboflavin)	Vitamin B-6	Niacin	Vitamin B-12	Folic acid	Pantothenic acid	Vitamin C	Vitamin D	Vitamin E	Vitamin K	Iron	Zinc	Selenium	Calcium	Magnesium	Iodine	Copper	Manganese	Chromium
	IU/D	mg/d	mg/d	mg/d	mg/d	mg/d	μg/d	μg/d	mg/d	mg/d	IU/D	mg/d	μg/d	mg/d	mg/d	μg/d	mg/d	mg/d	μg/d	mg/d	mg/d	μg/d
Baum (29)															12 (males); 15 (females)
Kelly (38)		4.8	1.4	1.4	1.9	18	2.6	400		70	51	10		30	15	65			150	2
Kupka (40)																200
Villamor (43)	5000		20	20	25	100	50	800		500		200				100
Hurwitz (34)																200
Austin (28)		120,0002
Kaiser3 (35)	8000	200,0002	60	60	260	60	2500	800	60	1800	400	8002		18	30	200	800	400	150	2	10	100
Villamor (42)															25
de Souza Jr (44)												800
Fawzi4 (37)	5000	30	20	20	25	100	50	800		500		30
McClelland (41)			20	20	25	100	50	800		500		30				200
Jiamton5 (46)	30001	6	24	15	40		30	100	40	400	20	80	180	10	30	400		200	300	3	8	150
Burbano (30)																200
Jaruga5 (47)	5000									50		1002
Spada (45)												800
Batterham6 (48)	21,800		40		100		200	1000	220	1000		4002			20	200
Humphrey (33)	300,0007
Kelly (39)	10,500									300		300			200	150
Allard (27)										1000		8002
Semba (36)	200,0007
Coodley (31)		180
Coodley (32)		180

¹In μg/d.

²In IU/d,

³Study arm also received a daily dose of 50 μg biotin, 2 mg boron, 60 mg choline, 100 mg l-glutamine, 300 μg molybdenum, 150 mg betaine, 60 mg inositol, 99 mg potassium, 400 mg α-lipoic acid, 1000 mg acetyl l-carnitine, 1200 mg N-acetyl cysteine, and 300 mg bioflavinoid complex.

⁴This study had a factorial design (see Table 1).

⁵Study arm also received a daily dose of 66 mg of cysteine.

⁶Study arm also received a daily dose of 4800 mg grapeseed, 2800 mg milk thistle, and 200 mg coenzyme Q10; control group received same micronutrients as study group but at a lower dose.

⁷One-time dose only.