Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Open Trial and Healthy Start Participants
| Variable | Open Trial (n = 19) | Healthy Start (n = 986) | Comparison |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (sd) | Meana | One-sample t-test | |
| Age (years) | 27.6 (6.1) | 31.60 | p = .01 (t=2.86, df=18) |
| No. of children | 2.5 (1.4) | 2.06 | p = .19 (t=1.37, df=18) |
| N (%) | N (%) | Fisher's exact test | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race | p = 0.81 | ||
| White | 12 (63.2) | 622 (63.1)b | |
| Minority | 7 (36.8) | 306 (31.0) | |
| Ethnicity | p = 0.25 | ||
| Hispanic/Latino | 12 (63.2) | 498 (50.5) | |
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 7 (36.8) | 488 (49.5) | |
| Married | 6 (31.6) | 384 (38.9) | p = 0.64 |
| Employed | 10 (52.6) | 291 (29.5)c | p = 0.34 |
| Incomed | p = 0.18 | ||
| < $10,000 | 9 (47.4) | 435 (43.9) | |
| > $10,000 | 5 (26.3) | 556 (56.1) | |
| Education | p = 0.35 | ||
| < High School diploma | 9 (47.4) | 581 (58.9) | |
| > High School diploma | 10 (52.6) | 405 (41.1) |
Data on Healthy Start clients was provided in aggregate, as specified in the agreement between the University of Iowa and Visiting Nurse Services; therefore standard deviation values are not available.
58 participants selected “Other” on this item
255 participants selected “Other” on this item
Because the 19 study participants were included in the aggregate Healthy Start data, it was necessary to remove their values from the aggregate total in order to conduct comparisons. Five of the study participants did not report income level and we were therefore uncertain from which category to remove their values. Thus, we conducted all possible comparisons, removing from zero to five women from each of the two income categories, obtaining p-values from .01 to .82 across the six comparisons. If four or five of the participants without reported values were to fall in the <$ 10,000 category, the difference between study participants and Healthy Start clients' income level would be significant.