TABLE 1.

Summary of selected studies investigating nutrient sensitive DNA methylation sites in animal models¹

Nutrient	Model	DNA methylation site(s) examined	References
Methyl donor supplementation	Maternal mouse offspring	Agouti gene	38–41
		Cdk5 activator binding protein	41
		AxinFu gene	42
		82 genes including runx3	43
Methyl donor deficiency	Maternal sheep offspring	1400 CpG islands	44
	Adult rats	p53	45
	Postweaning mouse	Igf2	46
	Pregnant mice	Esr1, Igf2, Slc39a4CC	47
	Rat brain	Global methylation	48
Choline deficiency	Maternal mouse offspring	Cdkn3, global methylation	49
	Maternal rat offspring	Dnmt1, Ifg2, global methylation	50
Protein restriction	Adult rats, F2 offspring	PPARα	52, 53
	Maternal mouse offspring	CpG islands including Lxrα	54
	Cultured mouse blastocysts	H19	55
	Paternal rat offspring	PPARα: CpG island 50kb upstream	58
	Adult mice	Leptin promoter	60
	Maternal rat offspring/leptin injections	PPARα, glucocorticoid receptor	61
High-fat diet	Adult rats	Leptin promoter	59
Genistein	Adult mice	Differential method including ribosomal DNA and desmin-binding fragment	64
Genistein supplementation	Maternal mouse offspring	Agouti gene	65

¹Methyl donors include folate, methionine, and choline.