Table I. Basic characteristics of the study samples. Presented are Mean ± S.E.
| Category | Sample 1 |
Sample 2 |
Sample 3 |
Sample 4 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High BMD | Low BMD | High BMD | Low BMD | High BMD | Low BMD | - | |
| Sample Size | 14 | 14 | 40 | 40 | 22 | 22 | 997 |
| Age (yrs) | 68.7 ± 1.1 | 67.7 ± 1.7 | 49.4 ± 1.3 | 50.0 ± 1.3 | 31.8 ± 1.0 | 33.7 ± 0.8 | 50.3 ± 0.6 |
| Height (cm) | 159.50 ± 1.33 | 160.30 ± 2.77 | 163.43 ± 0.98 | 162.94 ± 0.96 | 175.45 ± 2.09 | 167.84 ± 1.67 | 1.71 ± 0.00 |
| Weight (kg) | 81.14 ± 3.41 | 60.79 ± 2.87 | 83.18 ± 2.48 | 62.27 ± 2.17 | 98.45 ± 4.88 | 62.54 ± 1.93 | 80.16 ± 0.56 |
| Hip BMDa (g/cm2) | 2.13 ± 0.22 | −1.39 ± 0.21 | 1.45 ± 0.11 | −1.05 ± 0.07 | 2.53 ± 0.11 | −1.74 ± 0.09 | 0.97 ± 0.00 |
a In the Samples 1–3, hip BMD was presented as Z-score. Z-score is defined as the number of standard deviations a subject's BMD differs from the average BMD of their age-, gender-, and ethnicity- matched population. All the subjects in low BMD groups were diagnosed as having osteopenia or osteoporosis.