Table 4.
Multivariable models of variables# associated with GI syndromes in RA patients.
| Variables | Dyspepsia | Functional constipation | IBS | GERD | GI symptom complex overlap | No functional GI disorders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age < 60 yrs | 2.5 (1.2, 5.4) | 0.6 (0.4, 1.1) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.4) | 2.8 (1.3, 6.0) | 2.2 (1.1, 4.4) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.9) |
| Female sex | 2.3 (0.8, 6.6) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.8) | 0.6 (0.3,1.4) | 1.4 (0.6, 3.3) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.4) |
| HAQ ≥1 | 2.4 (1.1, 5.1) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) | 2.4 (1.3, 4.5) | 3.2 (1.5, 7.1) | 3.1 (1.5, 6.3) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) |
| RF positivity | 1.0 (0.4, 2.1) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.9) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.2) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.6) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.1) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.4) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.9) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | 0.9 (0.4, 1.9) | 0.9 (0.4, 1.8) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.8) |
| NSAIDs use | 1.4 (0.7, 3.2) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.5) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.8) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.9) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.5) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) |
| Smoking | 1.3 (0.6, 2.8) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) |
| Alcohol use | 2.0 (0.6, 6.8) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.6) | 0.4 (0.1, 1.5) | 1.3 (0.3, 5.0) | 1.6 (0.5, 5.2) | 1.7 (0.7, 4.3) |
#Significant (P < 0.05) odds ratios are shown in bold.
Abbreviations: GI: gastrointestinal; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; IBS: irritable bowel syndrome; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; HAQ: health assessment questionnaire; RF: rheumatoid factor; BMI: body mass index; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.