Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma.
| Univariate | Multivariate* | |||||
| HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Viral hepatitis (carriers vs. non-carriers) | 1.801 | 1.072 – 3.023 | 0.026 | - | - | - |
| Age (≥65 vs. <65) | 2.735 | 1.727 – 4.333 | <0.001 | 2.858 | 1.412 – 5.785 | 0.004 |
| Sex (male vs. female) | 0.908 | 0.593 – 1.393 | 0.659 | - | - | - |
| Plasmacytoma (presence vs. absence) | 0.979 | 0.566 – 1.694 | 0.941 | - | - | - |
| ISS stage | ||||||
| 2 vs. 1 | 3.101 | 1.509 – 2.618 | 0.002 | |||
| 3 vs. 1 | 4.631 | 2.506 – 8.556 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Cytogenetics (abnormal vs. normal) | 2.123 | 1.202 – 3.749 | 0.009 | 3.036 | 1.584 – 5.817 | 0.001 |
| Bone lesions (≥2 vs. 0-1) | 1.252 | 0.800 – 1.958 | 0.325 | - | - | - |
| β2m (≥3.5 vs. <3.5 mg/L) | 5.756 | 2.665 – 12.430 | <0.001 | 3.767 | 0.860 – 16.504 | 0.079 |
| Albumin (<3.5 vs. ≥3.5 g/dL) | 1.727 | 1.172 – 2.546 | 0.006 | - | - | - |
| Hemoglobin (<10 vs. ≥10 g/dL) | 2.137 | 1.404 – 3.254 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Platelet count (< 100×109 vs. ≥100×109/L) | 1.529 | 0.963 – 2.427 | 0.072 | - | - | - |
| Serum calcium (≥12 vs. <12 mg/dL) | 2.986 | 1.748 – 5.101 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
| Serum creatinine (≥2.0 vs. <2.0 mg/dL) | 2.519 | 1.709 – 3.713 | <0.001 | 3.050 | 1.541 – 6.035 | 0.001 |
| Serum ALT (abnormal vs. normal) | 1.256 | 0.674 – 2.341 | 0.473 | - | - | - |
*
Variables significant at p<0.1 in the univariate model were entered in the Cox regression multivariate model using conditional backward analysis.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ALT, alanine transaminase; β2m, beta-2-microglobulin; ISS, International Staging System.