Table 5.
Summary of studies (with ≥50 enrolled patients) exploring the prevalence of chronic hepatitis virus infection in multiple myeloma patients.
| AuthorYear | Country | No. of MM patients | No. (%) of HBV carriers | % of HBV among controls | No. (%) of HCV carriers | % of HCV among controls | Major findings |
| 1995 Cavanna20 | Italy | 90 | - | - | 15 (16.7) | 1.7 | Higher prevalence of HCV infection in patients with LPDs |
| 1996 Silvestri17 | Italy | 78 | - | - | 3 (3.8) | 3.2 | Prevalence and relative risk of being infected by HCV is higher in B-NHL but not MM patients |
| 1996 Musto21 | Italy | 90 | - | - | 10 (11.1) | 5.4 | Higher prevalence of HCV infection in patients with non-cryoglobulinemic B-LPD including MM |
| 1997 De Rosa18 | Italy | 56 | - | - | 9 (16.1) | 1.9 | Higher prevalence of HCV infection in patients with B-LPD including MM |
| 2004 Bianco22 | Italy | 107 | - | 5 (4.7) | 5.6 | HCV infection may be associated with some lymphoid and myeloid malignancies but not MM and HD | |
| 2004 De Sanjose23 | Spain | 74 | - | - | 2 (2.7) | 3.8 | Excess risk associated with HCV in some lymphoma subtypes (not including MM), but not statistically significant |
| 2005 Takai6 | Japan | 124 | 4 (3.2) | 1.2 | 8 (6.5) | 2.6 | Liver injury in HBV carriers was more severe than that in HCV carriers and non-carriers in the whole study population (acute leukemia, NHL, and MM) |
| 2006 Takeshita19 | Japan | 81 | - | - | 4 (4.9) | 2.5 | Higher prevalence of HCV infection in B-NHL including MM |
| 2007 Veneri24 | Italy | 139 | - | - | 1 (0.7) | 5.4 | No increase of HCV prevalence in patients with MM |
| 2008 Anderson25 | U.S. | 9,995 | 31 (0.3) | 0.2 | 20 (0.2) | 0.2 | HCV is associated with elevated risk of NHL and AML but not MM* |
| 2008 Okan26 | Japan | 67 | 2 (3.0) | 4.9 | 1 (1.5) | 1.1 | No significant difference in the combined prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in patients with LPD |
| 2011 Franceschi27 | European Union | 238 | 6 (2.5) | 0.6 | 1 (0.4) | 0.6 | HBV is associated with the risk of MM, HD, and NHL |
| Current study | Taiwan | 155 | 17 (11.0) | 17.3 | 14 (8.4) | 4.4 | Hepatitis virus carriage was associated with the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities, more hepatic adverse events and worse survival |
AML, acute myeloid leukemia; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HD, Hodgkin's disease; LPD, lymphoproliferative disorders; MM, multiple myeloma; NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
*
Diagnosis of HBV and HCV infection was based on the International Classification of Diseases codes for Medicare.