Table 2.

Disease models used in simulation study

Risk	A/A	A/a	a/a
Model 1
B/B	1	1 + θ	(1 + θ)2
B/b	1 + θ	(1 + θ)2	(1 + θ)3
b/b	(1 + θ)2	(1 + θ)3	(1 + θ)4
Model 2
B/B	1	1	1
B/b	1	(1 + θ)2	(1 + θ)3
b/b	1	(1 + θ)3	(1 + θ)4
Model 3
B/B	1	1	1
B/b	1	1 + θ	1 + θ
b/b	1	1 + θ	1 + θ

Each table cell lists the relative risk of the corresponding genotype combination. Genotypes with risks equal to 1 have no effects to the disease. The parameter θ is computed according to the specified marginal effects (0.5 in our simulation) and disease MAFs (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5).