Table 5.

Estimates of the smoker’s wage offset for other fringe benefits, 1989–2002 NLSY79

Flexible working hours	−0.442 (0.418)
Childcare		1.181 (0.770)
Training/education			−0.403 (0.450)
Profit sharing				−0.693 (0.464)
Retirement					−0.895* (0.477)
Maternity benefits						0.322 (0.471)
Dental insurance							−0.064 (0.458)
Life insurance								−0.129 (0.400)
Observations	27,051	26,458	26,679	26,795	26,723	25,263	26,985	26,799
R-squared	0.135	0.137	0.140	0.137	0.137	0.135	0.139	0.136

^*Significant at 10%;

^**significant at 5%;

^***significant at 1%.

Note: Estimates in the table are the coefficient and standard error on the smoking and fringe benefit interaction term from different models, with each model representing a different fringe benefit (see row headings). Standard errors (in parentheses) are adjusted for repeated observations of individuals. The dependent variable in all models is the worker’s average hourly wage. Estimates include controls for the main effects of smoking and the fringe benefit in question, employer-sponsored health insurance and its interaction with smoker, sex, children in the household and its interaction with female, race, marital status, age, education, urban residence, AFQT score, job tenure, employer size, year, industry, and occupation.