Appendix A.

Concept–Feature Pairs Used in Experiments 1 and 2

Concept	Distinctive feature	Shared feature
Living things
ant	lives in a colony	lives in ground
apple	used for cider	used in pies
banana	has a peel	has a skin
beaver	builds dams	swims
butterfly	has a cocoon	has antennae
cat	purrs	eats
chicken	clucks	pecks
coconut	grows on palm trees	grows in warm climates
corn	has husks	has stalks
cow	has an udder	has 4 legs
dog	barks	has legs
duck	quacks	lays eggs
garlic	comes in cloves	comes in bulbs
lion	roars	is ferocious
owl	hoots	flies
pig	oinks	squeals
porcupine	shoots quills	is dangerous
sheep	used for wool	used for meat
Nonliving things
ashtray	used for cigarette butts	made of plastic
ball	used by bouncing	used for sports
balloon	bursts	floats
belt	has a buckle	has holes
bike	has pedals	has brakes
bottle	has a cork	has a lid
bow	used for archery	used for hunting
clock	ticks	is electrical
cupboard	used for storing dishes	used for storing food
jeans	made of denim	has pockets
key	used for locks	made of metal
napkin	used for wiping mouth	used for wiping hands
pencil	has an eraser	made of wood
submarine	has a periscope	has propellers
telephone	has a receiver	has buttons
toilet	used by flushing	holds water
train	has a caboose	has an engine
umbrella	used when raining	used for protection