Table 1.
The association of baseline characteristics with rate of height loss between baseline and resurvey: the Whitehall II studya
| Baseline characteristic | Overall (mean [SD] or N [%]) |
Height loss (95% CI)a, cm | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (N=3802) | ||||
| Age, yr | 44.0 (6.0) | |||
| 35–39 | 1107 (29.1) | Ref. | ||
| 40–44 | 1069 (28.1) | 0.24 | (0.18, 0.30) | <0.0001 |
| 45–49 | 721 (19.0) | 0.46 | (0.39, 0.53) | <0.0001 |
| 50–55 | 905 (23.8) | 0.80 | (0.73, 0.87) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 124 (14) | −0.00 | (−0.03, 0.02) | 0.79 |
| BMI, kg/m2 b | 24.5 (2.9) | 0.02 | (0.00, 0.05) | 0.04 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.9 (1.1) | 0.01 | (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.50 |
| SES, % | ||||
| High | 1560 (41.0) | Ref. | ||
| Medium | 2004 (52.7) | 0.08 | (0.03, 0.13) | |
| Low | 238 (6.3) | 0.18 | (0.08, 0.28) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 3780 (99.4) | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 22 (0.6) | 0.34 | (0.03, 0.66) | 0.03 |
| Current smoking, % | ||||
| No | 3301 (86.8) | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 501 (13.2) | 0.09 | (0.02, 0.16) | 0.01 |
| Women (N=1615) | ||||
| Age, yr | 44.6 (6.0) | <0.0001 | ||
| 35–39 | 432 (26.7) | Ref. | ||
| 40–44 | 410 (25.4) | 0.24 | (0.13, 0.35) | <0.0001 |
| 45–49 | 342 (21.2) | 0.54 | (0.42, 0.65) | <0.0001 |
| 50–55 | 431 (26.7) | 0.88 | (0.76, 0.99) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 119 (15) | 0.02 | (−0.02, 0.06) | 0.29 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.3 (4.0) | 0.06 | (0.02, 0.10) | 0.004 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.8 (1.1) | 0.01 | (−0.03, 0.06) | 0.54 |
| SES, %b | ||||
| High | 246 (15.2) | Ref. | ||
| Medium | 712 (44.1) | −0.05 | (−0.17, 0.07) | |
| Low | 657 (40.7) | −0.06 | (−0.18, 0.07) | 0.43 |
| Diabetes, % | ||||
| No | 1605 (99.4) | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 10 (0.6) | −0.19 | (−0.71, 0.32) | 0.46 |
| Current smoking, % | ||||
| No | 1329 (82.3) | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 286 (17.7) | 0.02 | (−0.09, 0.13) | 0.70 |
| Post menopause, % | ||||
| No | 1409 (69.7) | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 456 (30.3) | 0.06 | (−0.11, 0.13) | 0.87 |
a
Age-adjusted rate of absolute height loss in cm per decade for 1 SD increase in continuous risk factors (systolic blood pressure, BMI and total cholesterol), and age-adjusted difference in height loss per decade from reference group for categorical risk factors (age group [not age-adjusted], socio-economic status, diabetes, smoking, and menopausal status [women only]). Analyses are based on linear regression models.