| Diarrhea |
Chronic infectious enterocolitis, e.g., bacterial, parasitic, or viral (e.g., cytomegalovirus [CMV] with or without immunosuppression) pathogens; fungal infections (e.g., histoplasmosis in HIV)
|
| Crohn’s disease |
| Ulcerative colitis |
| Celiac disease/sprue |
| Bacterial infection of the small intestine |
| Symptomatic carbohydrate malabsorption (e.g., lactose or fructose malabsorption) |
| Microscopic colitis |
| Bile acid malabsorption |
| Clostridium difficile colitis |
| Motility disorders of the small intestine |
| Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency |
| Autonomic neuropathy (diabetes) |
| Drug intolerance |
| Food allergy |
| Hyperthyroidism |
| Incontinence |
| Functionally active neuroendocrine tumor |
| Colorectal carcinoma (paradoxical diarrhea) |
| Pain |
Crohn’s disease |
| Ulcer |
| Gastrointestinal tumor |
| Mesenteric ischemia |
| Porphyria |
| Endometriosis |
| Ovarian tumor |
| Small-bowel stenoses (e.g., radiogenic, adhesions) |
| Postoperative functional impairment (e.g., adhesions) |
| C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency |
| Intestinal motility disorders (e.g., chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction) |
| Constipation |
Adverse drug effect |
| Hypothyroidism |
| Colorectal carcinoma (alternating with paradoxical diarrhea in patients with symptoms of stenosis) |
| Chronic diverticulitis |
| Motility disorders, e.g., neuropathic colonic paresis (slow-transit constipation) |
| Functional or structural defecation disorders |
| Bloating, distension |
Bacterial infection (small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth; often secondary, e.g., in small-bowel diverticula, motility disorders, etc.) |
|
Carbohydrate malabsorption (e.g., symptomatic lactose and/or fructose malabsorption) |
|
Postoperative functional disorders (e.g., adhesions) |
