Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Features and Haplotype Distribution of the Study Sample
| African-American | European-American | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (N = 819) |
Men (N = 1,050) |
Women (N = 503) |
Men (N = 708) |
|
| Age [Mean yr (± SD)] | 40.3 ± 9.3 | 43.1 ± 9.1 | 37.3 ± 11.3 | 38.0 ± 11.7 |
| Education | ||||
| < High school | 306 (37%) | 413 (39%) | 141 (28%) | 210 (30%) |
| High School | 233 (28%) | 316 (30%) | 130 (26%) | 211 (30%) |
| Some College | 221 (27%) | 272 (26%) | 153 (30%) | 193 (27%) |
| College Degree | 58 (7%) | 49 (5%) | 79 (16%) | 92 (13%) |
| Employment Status | ||||
| Full-time | 158 (19%) | 192 (18%) | 90 (18%) | 189 (27%) |
| Part-time | 122 (15%) | 154 (15%) | 87 (17%) | 82 (12%) |
| Not working | 538 (66%) | 700 (67%) | 324 (65%) | 432 (61%) |
| Income Level | ||||
| ≤ $10,000 | 472 (58%) | 560 (53%) | 224 (45%) | 285 (40%) |
| $10,000 – $29, 999 | 206 (25%) | 334 (32%) | 150 (30%) | 204 (29%) |
| ≥ $30,000 | 132 (16%) | 147(14%) | 121 (24%) | 211 (30%) |
| Substance Dependence1 | ||||
| None | 185 (23%) | 93 (9%) | 117 (23%) | 106 (15%) |
| Alcohol | 397 (49%) | 641 (61%) | 232 (46%) | 408 (58%) |
| Cocaine | 560 (68%) | 827 (79%) | 300 (60%) | 451 (64%) |
| Opioid | 126 (15%) | 251 (24%) | 248 (49%) | 366 (52%) |
| Adverse Childhood Experiences2 | ||||
| None | 547 (67%) | 688 (66%) | 329 (65%) | 552 (78%) |
| Violent Crime | 174 (21%) | 275 (26%) | 78 (16%) | 81 (11%) |
| Sexual Abuse | 188 (23%) | 98 (9%) | 134 (27%) | 75 (11%) |
| Physical Abuse | 79 (10%) | 92 (9%) | 68 (14%) | 64 (9%) |
| Major Depressive Episode | 130 (16%) | 81 (8%) | 134 (27%) | 83 (12%) |
| No. of TAT Haplotypes | ||||
| 0 | 431 (53%) | 543 (52%) | 189 (38%) | 237 (34%) |
| 1 | 320 (39%) | 418 (40%) | 225 (45%) | 341 (48%) |
| 2 | 68 (8%) | 89 (9%) | 89 (18%) | 130 (18%) |
1
Some subjects had multiple substance dependence diagnoses
2
Some subjects had multiple adverse childhood events