Table 1.
Studies in patients with SLE showing statistical significant associations (P < 0.05) between peripheral type I IFN activity and clinical and serological features.
| Author | No. of patients | Type I IFN levels | Type I IFN-inducible genes | Clinical associations | Serological associations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hooks et al. [2] | 28 | High | NM | Disease activity | Anti-dsDNA Low C3 |
| Kanayama et al. [8] | 25 | High | NM | Fever | NM |
| Bengtsson et al. [9] | 30 | High | NM | Disease activity Fever Skin |
Anti-dsDNA Low C1q Low C3 Leucopenia |
| Baechler et al. [10] | 48 | NM | High | Renal and/or NPSLE Hematologic | NM |
| Dall'era et al. [11] | 65 | High | NM | Disease activity Skin |
Anti-dsDNA Low C3 |
| Kirou et al. [12] | 77 | NM | High | Renal | Anti-dsDNA Anti-Ro Anti-U1 RNP Anti-Sm Low C3 Low C4 |
| Feng et al. [13] | 48 | NM | High | Renal NPSLE (weak association) |
Anti-dsDNA Anti-Sm Anti-Ro/La Low C3 |
| Weckerle et al. [14] | 1089 | High | NM | NS | Anti-dsDNA Anti-Ro |
NM: not measured, NS: not statistically significant. All abbreviations are explained in the text.