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. 2011 Nov 30;6(11):e27915. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027915

Figure 4. Luteolin inhibited HIV-1 infection in primary human lymphocytes.

Figure 4

(A) Viability of primary human lymphocytes after treatment with different concentrations of luteolin (0–40 µM) for 24–48 h as determined by MTT assay (n = 2). (B–D) Luteolin inhibited HIV-1 infection in primary lymphocytes. Primary human lymphocytes were cultured in 12–well culture plates for 6 days in PHA (1%) and IL-2 (10 ng/ml), treated either with luteolin (10 µM) or vehicle, then infected with VSV-HIV-1 or wild–type HIV-1. Viral infection was monitored 2, 4, and 6 days post infection. In parallel, DRB (10 µM) was used as a positive control and DMSO as a vehicle control. (B) The reduction in syncytia formation is evident (white arrows) in luteolin and DRB-treated cells. (C, D), p24 levels in supernatants were monitored by ELISA at (C) 2 days after VSV-HIV infection. (** p<0.01). (D) 4 and 6 days after wild–type HIV-1 infection of lymphocytes (*** p<0.001).