Table 2.

Association between nocturnal intake and sleep pattern^a,b

Variable		Nocturnal Intake (dinner + late-night snack)
		Calories (kcal)	Protein (g)	Carbohydrate (g)	Fat (g)
Total sleep time (min)	β value	−0.01	−0.03	0.03	−0.72
	p value	0.67	0.95	0.82	0.18
Sleep efficiency (%)	β value	−0.004	−0.06	−0.01	−0.17
	p value	0.09	0.34	0.73	0.004
Sleep latency (min)	β value	0.01	0.18	0.03	0.21
	p value	0.06	0.11	0.33	0.07
REM latency (min)	β value	0.03	0.69	0.06	1.25
	p value	0.03	0.06	0.51	0.001
N1 (%)	β value	−3.00	0.02	−0.00	0.01
	p value	0.96	0.19	0.39	0.44
N2 (%)	β value	0.003	0.04	0.01	0.13
	p value	0.12	0.51	0.36	0.03
N3 (%)	β value	0.00	0.00	0.00	−0.02
	p value	0.91	0.94	0.90	0.69
REM (%)	β value	−0.00	−0.06	−0.01	−0.12
	p value	0.04	0.11	0.25	0.002
WASO (min)	β value	0.01	0.12	−0.00	0.55
	p value	0.21	0.56	0.99	0.01

^aResults are presented as adjusted estimated β values with p values.

^bβ values are adjusted for age, gender, economical status and BMI. REM, rapid eye movement; WASO, wake after sleep onset.