Fig. 1.
Typical thermograms of bees inside the measurement chamber in different thermic states. (A) Active endothermic bee with a warm thorax (ambient temperature Ta = 14.7 °C); (B)–(D) resting bees: (B) ectothermic bee with cool head and mouthparts (Ta = 38.4 °C), (C) ectothermic bee with all body parts at the same temperature (Ta = 14.7 °C) and (D) weakly endothermic bee with slightly elevated thorax temperature (Ta = 14.6 °C). Rectangles on the right side of thermograms: peltier-driven reference radiator for infrared camera calibration (accuracy: 0.4 °C).