Appendix 1.
a These tools were administered only in the DEFENCE II study.
b Not administered if MMSE [30] score was <16.
c In the DEFENCE I study, the Katz was filled out by the patient if the MMSE [30] score was >23. If it was lower, the primary caregiver filled out the Katz. In the DEFENCE II study, the Katz was filled out by the patient if the MMSE score was >20, filled out by the patient and double-checked with the caregiver if the MMSE score was 16–20, and filled out by the caregiver only if the MMSE score was <16.
Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; DEFENCE, Development of strategies Enabling Frail Elderly New Complications to Evade; EDIZ, Experienced Burden of Informal Care; GDS-2, Geriatric Depression Scale-2; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; IQCODE-SF, Informant Questionnaire COgnitive DEcline–Short Form; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Exam; SNAQ, Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.