Table 5.

Participants' main actions in dealing with the 11 pre-identified ethical issues

	Ethical issues	Main action	Percentage of participantsa
1.	Protecting patients' rights	Discuss with doctors	45.0
2.	Care of patients' quality of life	Discuss with doctors	44.1
3.	Providing care with possible risk to own health and safety	Discuss with doctors	42.4
4.	Respecting informed consent by patients to treatment	Discuss with doctors	66.2
5.	Use of physical or chemical restraints on patients	Discuss with doctors	65.4
6.	Determining when death occurs	Discuss with doctors	79.8
7.	Prolonging dying process without appropriate reason	Discuss with doctors	79.3
8.	Hiding information regarding patients' actual condition from patients or family	Discuss with doctors	67.7
9.	Working with unethical or incompetent colleague	Discuss with other nurses	34.3
10.	Problems of staffing that limit patients' access to nursing care	Refer to the hospital's management team	40.9
11.	Problems of medical resource management that limit patients' access to nursing care	Refer to the hospital's management team	40.3

^aPercentage of participants that selected the main action