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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 2.
Published in final edited form as: Learn Disabil Res Pract. 2008 May-June;29(3):133–144. doi: 10.1177/0741932508315053

Table 2.

Differences in Adult Education Learners’ Learning Disabilities Status (Dichotomous Variables)

Dichotomous categorical variables df n χ2 p Odds ratio
Demographic
Female 1 305 3.06 .08 --
Non-White ethnic group 1 303 2.45 .12 --
Academic
Had trouble reading as a child 1 291 35.45 <.001 6.07
Received help or had special classes 1 302 65.90 <.001 9.11
Life experiences
Never married 1 305 3.00 .08 --
Urban 1 305 0.88 .35 --
Employed 1 305 0.97 .33 --
Perceived limitations to job opportunities because of reading skills 1 299 17.75 <.001 2.96
Perceived limitations to job opportunities because of writing skills 1 301 11.84 .001 2.42
Perceived limitations to job opportunities because of math skills 1 302 1.68 .19 --
Perceived limitations to job opportunities because of computer skills 1 301 2.32 .13 --
Visited primary care providers 1 305 3.17 .08 --
Visited emergency rooms 1 305 1.53 .22 --
Visited dentists 1 305 0.15 .70 --
Had treatment for substance abuse 1 305 1.61 .20 --
Had vision difficulties 1 304 7.97 <.01 2.21
Had hearing difficulties 1 304 0.71 .40 --
Had other impairments or disabilities 1 305 1.71 .19 --
Had someone in whom to confide 1 304 0.12 .73 --