Table 1.
Synaptic genes differentially expressed in postmortem brains of SCZ and BPD patients and the corresponding genetic mouse models.
| Gene | References | Mouse models | Positive findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schizophrenia: decreased | ||||
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 5 (GABRA5) |
(Duncan et al., 2010) | Gabra5 KO | Altered synaptic transmission, enhanced learning and memory | (Collinson et al., 2002) |
| Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3 (GRM3) | (Hemby et al., 2002) | mGlu3 KO (exon 3) mGlu3 KO (exon 2) |
Disrupted anxiolytic activity of mGLu2/3 agonist in the EPM Disrupted neuroprotection against excitotoxicity in mixed culture |
(Linden et al., 2005) (Corti et al., 2007)* |
| Dopamine supersensitive striata | (Seeman et al., 2009)* | |||
| Neurexin 3 (NRXN3) | (Mexal et al., 2005) (Chu et al., 2009) |
Nrxn 3a KO | Impaired survival, abnormal NMDA-R function | (Missler et al., 2003), (Kattenstroth et al., 2004) |
| Synapsin II (SYN2) | (Mirnics et al., 2000) (Arion et al., 2007) |
Syn2 KO | Seizures, decreased post-tetanic potentiation and severe synaptic depression upon repetitive stimulation |
(Rosahl et al., 1995), |
| (Arion et al., 2007) | PPI deficits, social interaction deficit | (Dyck et al., 2007)* | ||
| Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, eta polypeptide (YWHAH) |
(Vawter et al., 2002) (Chu et al., 2009) |
Uch-L1 KO | Retarded axon formation Impaired memory and LTP |
(Ferreira et al., 1998) (Sakurai et al., 2008) |
| Schizophrenia and bipolar: decreased | ||||
| Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa) (GAD1) | (Vawter et al., 2002) (Hashimoto et al., 2008) (Duncan et al., 2010) (Konradi et al., 2004) |
Gad67 KO Gad1 KO Floxed Gad1 KO |
Lethal cleft palate Deficient perisomatic GABAergic innervation in the visual cortex |
(Asada et al., 1997) (Condie et al., 1997) (Chattopadhyaya et al., 2007) |
| Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide (YWHAZ) |
(Chu et al., 2009) (Konradi et al., 2004) |
|||
| V-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (avian) (ERBB3) |
(Hakak et al., 2001) (Tkachev et al., 2003) (Aston et al., 2004) |
|||
| Schizophrenia and bipolar: increased | ||||
| Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) | (Shao and Vawter, 2008) | |||
| Bipolar: increased | ||||
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 5 (GABRA5) |
(Choudary et al., 2005) | Gabra5 H10R knockin | Facilitated trace fear conditioning | (Crestani et al., 2002) |
| Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3 (GRM3) | (Choudary et al., 2005) | |||
*
Representative mouse models characterized from mental illness viewpoints