Table 1.
Common variants associated with nonalcholic fatty liver disease. Odds ratios for NAFLD were calculated by using cases with biopsy-proven NAFLD and in ancestry-matched controls (6). EA, European American; AA, African American; ND, not determined.
| Gene (first report) | Protein | Function | Allele variant |
Minor allele frequency |
Steatosis | NASH | Odds ratio NASH |
Associations with other liver disorders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PNPLA3 (5) | Patatin-like phospholipase domain–containing protein 3 | TG hydrolase? | rs738409 I148M | 0.23 in EA 0.49 in Hispanics 0.17 in AA | Yes | Yes | 3.26 | Alcohol-related cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| PPP1R3B (6) | Glycogen binding subunit of protein phosphatase 1 | Enhances protein phosphatase 1 activation of glycogen synthase | rs4240624 | 0.08 | Yes | No | 0.93 | ND |
| NCAN (6) | Neurocan | Unknown | rs2228603 P92S | 0.07 | Yes | Yes | 1.65 | ND |
| GCKR (6) | Glucokinase regulatory protein | Negative regulator of glucokinase | rs780094 P446L | 0.39 | No | Yes (not replicated) | 1.45 | ND |
| LYPLAL1 (6) | Lysophospholipase-like 1 | Unknown | rs12137855 | 0.21 | No | Yes (not replicated) | 1.37 | ND |
| APOC3 (25) | Apolipoprotein C3 | Limits hydrolysis of TG in circulating lipoproteins | rs2854116 rs2854117 | 0.38 in EA 0.38 in Hispanics 0.71 in AA 0.26 in EA 0.32 in Hispanics 0.66 in AA | Yes* | ND | ND | ND |