Table 1. Baseline characteristics, separated by group.
| Type 1 Diabetes (n = 10) | Type 2 Diabetes (n = 9) | Controls (n = 11) | ANOVAp value | Wilcoxonp value | |
| Age (yrs) | 25.4±4.5 | 31.7±6.3 | 26.3±4.3 | 0.023 | 0.0331 |
| Gender male (%) | 3(30%) | 3(33.3) | 5(45.5) | 0.74 | 0.876 |
| Years with DM (yrs) | 6.1±4.0 | 3.0±3.4 | N/A | N/A | 0.0764 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4±1.7 | 24.5±3.6 | 23.3±3.9 | 0.650 | 0.4965 |
| A1C% | 6.9±1.1 | 7.0±1.6 | 5.2±0.3 | 0.001 | 0.1877 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 76.7±5.1 | 84.1±9.8 | 79.8±10.5 | 0.200 | 0.1110 |
| Waist to Hip Ratio | 0.85±0.02 | 0.89±0.53 | 0.89±0.07 | 0.150 | 0.055 |
| Adiponectin (µg/ml) | 16.6±5.6 | 7.3±3.5 | 8.6±5.1 | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| A-FABP (ng/ml) | 12.2±3 | 14.3±3 | 13.1±6 | 0.63 | 0.19 |
| Alb/Creat Ratio (µg/mg) | 9.8±15.3 | 11.3±11.5 | 9.2±8.6 | 0.438 | 0.4140 |
| Alkaline Phosphate (IU/l) | 52.2±16.9 | 41.2±8.6 | 45.4±9.2 | 0.157 | 0.1306 |
| ALT (IU/l) | 18.2±4.2 | 21.2±9.2 | 20.8±14.9 | 0.794 | 0.6521 |
| AST (IU/l) | 21.2±6.0 | 20.3±5.4 | 20.9±5.0 | 0.941 | 0.8694 |
| Diastolic Pressure (mmHg) | 76.8±9.1 | 76.9±7.6 | 73.9±8.4 | 0.660 | 0.68 |
| Systolic Pressure (mmHg) | 117.2±17.3 | 116.2±11.6 | 109.6±11.6 | 0.400 | 0.90 |
| Cholesterol Total (mg/dl) | 164.0±43.4 | 168.1±32.7 | 167.2±29.4 | 0.965 | 0.3911 |
| Cholesterol LDL (mg/dl) | 91.6±41.1 | 103.3±24.2 | 102.5±24.6 | 0.648 | 0.21 |
| Cholesterol HDL (mg/dl) | 60.8±10.6 | 47.8±16.1 | 47.5±10.7 | 0.038 | 0.045 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 65.8±34.7 | 84.8±44.2 | 91.6±56.8 | 0.440 | 0.2360 |
| C-peptide (ng/ml) | 0.14±0.15 | 2.29±1.57 | 1.35±1.21 | 0.001 | 0.0003 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.82±0.13 | 0.73±0.14 | 0.79±0.14 | 0.403 | 0.2415 |
| CRP (µg/ml) | 2.68±2.35 | 1.31±1.11 | 0.814±1.02 | 0.048 | 0.3074 |
| FFA (mEq/l) | 0.54±0.19 | 1.09±0.35 | 0.77±0.26 | 0.0003 | 0.0373 |
| GDR (mg/min/kg) | 7.62±2.59 | 5.43±2.7 | 8.61±2.37 | 0.032 | 0.0942 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 101.0±14.7 | 112.2±21.1 | 111.0±22.1 | 0.391 | 0.1910 |
| HOMA-IR | N/A | 2.15±1.95 | 1.43±0.75 | N/A | N/A |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 10.7±8.4 | 11.2±7.4 | 10.2±5.8 | 0.953 | 0.9674 |
| RBP-4 (µg/ml) | 14.8+4 | 18.6+6 | 22.2+8 | 0.02 | 0.13 |
| Total Body Fat (%) | 23.8±8.4 | 27.5±5.4 | 25.9±5.4 | 0.476 | 0.6830 |
| Total Body Fat (kg) | 14.4±4.7 | 19.2±6.3 | 16.8±5.7 | 0.193 | 0.0942 |
| Total Body Lean (kg) | 45.7±8.7 | 47.7±9.7 | 45.7±11.1 | 0.607 | 0.4965 |
| Trunk Fat (%) | 21.5±8.0 | 28.8±6.7 | 25.3±6.2 | 0.094 | 0.0942 |
| Trunk Fat (kg) | 6.1±2.1 | 10.3±4.3 | 8.0±3.7 | 0.046 | 0.016 |
| Trunk Lean (kg) | 22.4±3.9 | 23.9±4.8 | 22.4±5.7 | 0.691 | 0.3913 |
| Urea Nitrogen (mg/dl) | 14.8±2.5 | 12.6±3.2 | 14.1±4.4 | 0.384 | 0.1002 |
| GAD Ab+ Subjects* | 3(30%) | 0% | 0% | 0.079‡ | 0.9024 |
| IA2 Ab+ Subjects* | 3(20%) | 0% | 0% | 0.23‡ | 0.88 |
Data are means ± SD or n (%). ANOVA performed between all 3 groups: Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and Controls.
*Auto-antibody positivity to islet cell antigens was determined by serum concentration>0.1 nU/ml for GAD & IA2, expressed as number of individuals (percent positive).
‡
Chi-Square tests were performed in these categories.